Gametogenesis is the production of haploid sex cells (in humans, ovum and spermatozoa) that each carry one-half the genetic compliment of the parents from the germ cell line of each parent.

The production of ovum is termed oogenesis and the production of spermatozoa is called spermatogenesis. Both oogenesis and spermatogenesis provide a mechanism through which genetic information may be passed to offspring. The fusion of spermatozoa and ova during fertilization results in a zygote with a fully restored diploid genome.

The production of male and female gametes a highly complex and coordinated sequence of a mitotic division, two meiotic divisions, cytoplasmic apportionment (divisions) and cellular differentiation.

In eukaryotic organisms the gametes are derived from primordial germ cells, which enter the gonads during early development. During embryogenesis, the primordial germ cells are determined early in development by the presence of a cytoplasmic component termed germ plasm. Once germ cells are determined they follow a different maturation and, of course, genetic function, than do the remaining somatic cells of the body.

Primordial germ cells are the stem cells that, via mitosis, supply both spermatogonia and oogonia.

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Paola Alvan Millones,Erika Contreras Quiñones, Bertilda Guerra Loloy
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