Estudio de la demanda turística en el mundo, América, el Perú y en la región Puno

1
ABSTRACT
Based on the statistical information of the World Tourism Organization (WTO) and of
the National Statistic and Informatics Institute (INEI), on the flow of tourists in the world
and America; also at national and regional level, with the purpose of determining the
behavior and composition of the tourist flow and the income for tourism to world level,
America and South America; to describe the evolution of the tourist flow and of the
foreign currencies generated by the tourism in Peru economy and the existent
relationship with the exchange rate, the foreign currencies and the Real GDP; and the
composition and evolution of the tourist flow of the Region Puno and for counties, using
a deductive methodology has been obtained the following results:
For the world level, there were 13 thousand million tourists (1980-2005), being 59.9%,
20.0%, 13.6%, 3.6% and 2.9% for Europe, America, Asia Pacific, Africa and Middle
East; while, the generated revenues were 8.5 thousands millions of dollars, those
relatively were of 52.3%, 25%, 17.1%, 2.6% and 3.1%. Their lineal coefficients of the
tourism/income in function to the tourism arrivals were 0.969, 1.615, 0.971, 0.507 and
0.775 and thousands of US$ by tourist.
In America, the tourist flow was 1,323 million tourists (1996 – 2005). By the level of
countries of South America, the composition was 26.39%, 22.13%, 12.14%, 10.24%,
6.97%, 6.13%, 4.90%, 4.32%, 2.70% and 2.62% for Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay,
Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Bolivia and Paraguay, respectively; being the
revenues of 1360.18 thousand million dollars.
In Peru, the tourist flow was 14.742 (13.68%) and 90.933 (86.32%) millions of foreign
and national tourists, and its growth rates of 6.68% and 11.78% (1997 – 2005). The
receptive tourist flow (2004), for origins they were: United States (22.30%), France
(8%), Germany (5.7%), Spain (5.2%), Japan (4.3%), Italy (3.7%), Chile (3.6%),
Argentina (3.4%), Canada (3.1%), Brazil (2.8%), Ecuador (2.6%), Colombia (2.5%),
Mexico (2.2%); and the destination was Lima (44.13%), Cusco (25.65%), Arequipa
(7.9%), Puno (5.75%) and Ica (4.82%). The internal tourism was toward Lima
(53.48%), La Libertad (4.67%), Arequipa (4.38%), Junín (3.77%), Ica (3.4%), Piura
(3.22%), Lambayeque (3.15%), Ancash (3%), San Martin (2.69%), Cusco (2.52%),
Cajamarca (2.17%), Huanuco (2.11%) and Puno (1.60%)

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The 2004, the receptive tourism generated 1,142 (43.47%) millions of dollars; while the
internal tourism 1,484 (56.53%); the first one represented 2.79% of GDP and 5.35% of
GDP of the sector services. The per cápita income was US $894.8 with a negative
tendency (2.3%), explained by the devaluation of the national currency. Each foreign
tourist who enters to the Peruvian economy it contributes the sum of US additionally
$616.

In Puno region, the flow was 823,347 (36.14%) and 1'362176 (63.86%) of foreign and
national tourists (1995 – 2004) and the rates of growth of 10.03% and 1.02%. The
receptive tourist flow, for origin, they were 62.23%, 21.14%, 8.94% and 7.24% of
Europe, America, Asia Pacific and Africa and other countries; of 708,800 tourists, and
the rates of growth of 56.17%, 11.61%, 9.58%, 4.70% and -5.03% for other countries,
Asia, Europe, America and Africa, respectively; being the average of 11.30%. In the
receptive tourism, six countries cover 52.95% of the regional tourist flow (France,
Germany, United States, Italy, Japan and Spain with 16.41%, 10.12%, 8.71%, 6.64%,
5.65% and 5.42%). The capital of the region absorbs 96.73%.

The behavior of the regional receptive tourist flow is systematic, of July to November, it
reaches its maximum in the month of August (70.4%). The internal tourist flow (1996-
2004), it was 1.223 million tourists. At level of departments they come from the interior
of the region Puno (44%), Lima (17.07%), Arequipa (16.25%), Cusco (11.19%), Tacna
(4.35%) and Moquegua (3.36%). The destination of the internal tourism was toward
San Román (49.21%) and Puno (41.28%). The behavior of the flow tourist internal
regional sample a systematic behavior (1996-2004), being February, August and
October-November, the months of more affluence.

Key words: Demands tourist, tourist flows, national tourism, regional tourism.

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RESUMEN
En base a la información estadística de la Organización Mundial de Turismo (OMT) y
del Instituto Nacional Estadística e Informática (INEI), sobre el flujo de turistas en el
mundo y en América; asimismo a nivel nacional y regional, se ha determinado el
comportamiento y composición del flujo turístico y el ingreso por turismo a nivel
mundial, América y América del Sur; descrito la evolución del flujo turístico y de las
divisas generadas por el turismo en la economía del Perú y la relación que existe entre
el tipo de cambio, las divisas y el PBI Real; y de la composición y evolución del flujo
turístico de la Región Puno y por provincias, utilizando una metodología deductiva
llegando a los resultados siguientes:
A nivel mundial, hubo 13 mil millones de turistas (1980-2005), siendo el 59.9%, 20.0%,
13.6%, 3.6% y 2.9% para Europa, América, Asia Pacífico, África y Medio Oriente;
mientras que, los ingresos generados fueron 8.5 miles millones de dólares, los que
relativamente fueron de 52.3%, 25%, 17.1%, 2.6% y 3.1%; y sus estimadores lineales
de ingreso/turismo en función al arribo turístico fueron 0.969, 1.615, 0.971, 0.507 y
0.775 miles de US$/turista. En América, el flujo turístico fue 1,323 mi