conjunciones

COORDINATIVAS

and, y

so, así que

now, ahora bien

so then, por tanto

but, pero

for, pues

still, no obstante

either... or..., o... o...

yet, sin embargo

neither... nor..., ni... ni...

only, sólo que

however, no obstante

while, mientras

therefore, por lo tanto

then, entonces

nevertheless, sin embargo

SUBORDINATIVAS

that, que

although, though, aunque

because of, debido a

while, en tanto que

since, ya que, puesto que

until, hasta que

as, pues, como

as if, as though, como si

so that, a fin de que

when, cuando

lest, para (que) no

why, por que

if, si

in order that, para, a fin de que

unless, a menos que

whether... or, si... o

USO DE ALGUNAS PREPOSICIONES

ABOVE: indica superioridad física (ubicación en u texto, por ejemplo) o moral;

AT: indica localización o posición;

FOR: indica finalidad, lapso de tiempo;

FROM: indica origen, punto de partida;

IN: indica situación en un lugar;

INTO: indica movimiento hacia un lugar;

OF: se traduce por de, sin idea de movimiento;

ON: indica posición, encima de, con contacto;

OVER: indica posición, encima de, sin contacto;

TO: indica dirección hacia un lugar.

IDIOMS

EXAMPLES

absent-minded: forgetful (distraído)

My grandfather is very absent-minded and often forgets his key.

all ears: eager to listen to someone

Okay, I'm all ears, please tell me about the party.

(todo oídos)

all of a sudden: suddenly, without advance warning (repentinamente)

All of a sudden it became cloudy and began to rain.

beat around the bush: speak indirectly

Stop beating around the bush and give us your final decision.

or evasively (dar vueltas para hacer algo)

behind the times: old fashioned (anticuado)

My aunt is a little behind the times.

blow one's own horn: praise oneself (fanfarronear, hacer alarde)

He is always blowing his own horn and is very annoying at times.

brand new: absolutely new (flamante)

He was finally able to buy a brand-new car.

catch one's eye: attract one's attention (llamar la atención)

I tried to catch her eye but she didn`t notice me.

catch (someone) red-handed: find someone in the middle of doing something wrong (atrapar a alguien con las manos

The policeman caught the boy red-handed when he was stealing the candy.

en la masa)

change horses in midstream: make new plans or choose a new leader in the middle of an important activity (cambiar de caballo en la mitad del río)

They decided to change horses in midstream and that is probably why they lost the election.

change (one's) mind: change one`s decision (cambiar de opinión)

He changed his mind and said that he would not go to the movie tonight.

come across: find something or meet someone by chance (encontrarse repentinamente con algo o alguien)

I came across an interesting story in the newspaper the other day.

come into fashion: become fashionable (ponerse de moda)

She says that although bell-bottom pants have come into fashion again she will never wear them.

crocodile tears: a show of sorrow that

He said that he was very sorry but his tears were just crocodile tears.

is not really felt (lágrimas de cocodrilo)

cry over spilt milk: cry or complain about something that has already happened (llorar sobre leche derramada)

Don't cry over spilt milk. You can never change the past.

die out: die or disappear slowly until all gone (desaparecer, extinguirse)

Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.

doll up: dress in fancy clothes (emperifollarse, vestirse de moda)

She was all dolled up for the party at the downtown hotel

do without: manage without something (arreglárselas sin algo)

If there is no sugar, we'll have to do without.

dressed to the nines (teeth): dressed elegantly (elegantemente vestido, "hasta los dientes")

The stars were all dressed to the nines (teeth) during the Academy Awards ceremony.

dress up: put on one's best clothes (vestirse formalmente)

He decided to dress up for dinner at the restaurant.

drop (someone) a line: write or mail a note or letter to someone (escribirle a alguien unas líneas)

She promised that she would drop me a line when she gets to Singapore.

easy-going: tolerant and relaxed (tolerante, de fácil convivencia)

He has a very easy-going management style.

eat like a bird: eat very little (comer

He eats like a bird. That's why he can`t put on enough weight to join the football team.

como un pajarito)

eat like a horse: eat a lot (comer como

He eats like a horse but he never puts on any weight.

un caballo)

eat one's words: admit being wrong in something one has said, retract one's statement (tragarse las palabras)

He was forced to eat his words after his boss proved that he was wrong.

end up: finish, finally do something (terminar por)

We ended up going to the restaurant after the movie last night.

face the music: accept the consequences of something (enfrentar los problemas)

He is going to have to face the music sooner or later.

fall behind: fail to keep up with work or studies or payments, etc. (atrasarse en el trabajo, estudios, pagos, etc.)

He fell behind with his homework at the beginning of the term and had problems throughout the year.

fall in love with: begin to love someone (enamorarse de)

I fell in love with her the first time that I saw her at the restaurant.

fed up with: disgusted or bored with someone or something (harto de)

I think that he is getting fed up with the constant demands of his boss.

figure out: try to understand or solve (entender, darse cuenta)

He finally figured out how to use the new video recorder.

fit as a fiddle: in good athletic condition

Her grandfather is 92 years old but he is as fit as a fiddle.

or health (como un violín)

fix someone up with someone: help someone get a date by arranging a meeting for the two (arreglar algo con alguien)

I tried to fix my sister up with a date with my friend but she refused me.

for all the world: for anything, for any price (por nada del mundo)

For all the world I do not know what he is trying to tell me with the notes that he writes

for better or worse: depending on how one looks at the matter, with good or bad effects (para bien o para mal)

For better or worse he has decided to quit his job and go to live in Brazil.

from hand to hand: from one person to another and another (de mano en mano)

The plate of food went from hand to hand until finally it was all finished.

from the bottom of one's heart: with great feeling, sincerely (de todo corazón, sinceramente)

I thanked him from the bottom of my heart for helping my daughter when she was sick.

from now on: from this moment forward (de aquí en más)

From now on I will study Italian every day.

from scratch: from the very beginning

He decided to build the house from scratch.

(de cero, de la nada)

from time to time: occasionally (cada tanto, de vez en cuando)

We go to that restaurant from time to time.

ADJECTIVOS

awake

despierto

=/=

asleep

dormido

beautiful

hermoso

=/=

ugly

feo

big

grande

=/=

small

pequeño

bitter

amargo

=/=

sweet

dulce

dead

muerto

=/=

alive

vivo

deep

profundo

=/=

shallow

superficial

dirty

sucio

=/=

clean

limpio

expensive

caro

=/=

cheap

barato

far

lejano

=/=

near

cercano

fast

rápido

=/=

slow

lento

fat

gordo

=/=

thin

flaco, delgado

full

lleno

=/=

empty

vacío

glad

contento

=/=

sad

triste

good

bueno

=/=

bad

malo

happy

feliz

=/=

sorry

apenado

hard

duro

=/=

soft

blando

healthy

saludable

=/=

sick

enfermo

heavy

pesado

=/=

light

liviano

high

alto

=/=

low

bajo

hot

caliente

=/=

cold

frío

long

largo

=/=

short

corto

new

nuevo

=/=

old

viejo

polite

cortés

=/=

rude

grosero

rich

rico

=/=

poor

pobre

right

derecho, correcto

=/=

left

izquierdo, equivocado

rough

áspero

=/=

smooth

suave, liso

safe

seguro

=/=

dangerous

peligroso

same

mismo

=/=

different

diferente

simple

simple

=/=

complex

complejo

single

soltero

=/=

married

casado

strong

fuerte

=/=

weak

débil

tall

alto

=/=

short

bajo

thick

grueso

=/=

thin

delgado

true

VERDADERO

=/=

false

FALSO

useful

útil

=/=

useless

inútil

warm

cálido

=/=

cool

fresco

wet

mojado

=/=

dry

seco

wide

ancho

=/=

narrow

angosto

young

joven

=/=

old

viejo

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

CASTELLANO

be (bi)

was/were (uós/uér)

been (bin)

ser, estar

become (bikám)

became (bikéim)

become (bikám)

llegar a ser

begin (biguín)

began (bigén)

begun (bigán)

comenzar

break (bréik)

broke (bróuk)

broken (bróukn)

romper

bring (bring)

brought (brot)

brought (brot)

traer

build (bilt)

built (bilt)

built (bilt)

construir

buy (bái)

bought (bot)

bought (bot)

comprar

catch (kach)

caught (kot)

caught (kot)

agarrar

choose (chus)

chose (chos)

chosen (chúsn)

elegir

come (kám)

came (keím)

come (kám)

venir

cut (kat)

cut (kat)

cut (kat)

cortar

do (dú)

did (díd)

done (dán)

hacer

draw (dró)

drew (drú)

drawn (drón)

dibujar

drink (drink)

drank (drénk)

drunk (drank)

beber

drive (dráiv)

drove (dróuv)

driven (drívn)

conducir

eat (í:t)

ate (et)

eaten (ítn)

comer

fall (fol)

fell (fel)

fallen (fólen)

caer

feel (fí:l)

felt (felt)

felt (felt)

sentir

find (fáind)

found (faúnd)

found (fáund)

encontrar

fly (flái)

flew (flu)

flown (flón)

volar

forget (forguét)

forgot (forgót)

forgotten (forgótn)

olvidar

get (guét)

got (got)

got/gotten (got/gotn)

obtener

give (guív)

gave (guéiv)

given (gívn)

dar

go (góu)

went (uént)

gone (góun)

ir

grow (gróu)

grew (grú)

grown (grón)

cultivar, crecer

hang (jéng)

hung (jáng)

hung (jáng)

colgar

have (jev)

had (jad)

had (jad)

tener, haber

hear (jíar)

heard (jerd)

heard (jerd)

oir

keep (kí:p)

kept (kept)

kept (kept)

guardar

know (nóu)

knew (niú)

known (nóun)

saber, conocer

learn (lérn)

learnt (lernt)

learnt (lernt)

aprender

lose (lú:s)

lost (lost)

lost (lost)

perder

make (méik)

made (méid)

made (méid)

hacer, fabricar

meet (mí:t)

met (met)

met (met)

encontrarse con

pay (péi)

paid (ped)

paid (ped)

pagar

put (put)

put (put)

put (put)

poner

read (rid)

read (red)

read (red)

leer

ride (ráid)

rode (róud)

ridden (rídn)

cabalgar

ring (ring)

rang (reng)

rung (rang)

sonar

run (ran)

ran (ren)

run (ran)

correr

say (séi)

said (sed)

said (sed)

decir

see (sí:)

saw (sóu)

seen (sin)

ver

sell (sel)

sold (sold)

sold (sold)

vender

send (send)

sent (sent)

sent (sent)

enviar

show (shóu)

showed (shóut)

shown (shóun)

mostrar

shut (shat)

shut (shat)

shut (shat)

cerrar

sing (sing)

sang (seng)

sung (sang)

cantar

sleep (slíp)

slept (slépt)

slept (slépt)

dormir

smell (smel)

smelt (smelt)

smelt (smelt)

oler

speak (spik)

spoke (spóuk)

spoken (spóukn)

hablar

spend (spend)

spent (spent)

spent (spent)

gastar, pasar

stand (stand)

stood (stú:d)

stood (stú:d)

pararse

steal (stíl)

stole (stóul)

stolen (stóln)

robar

swim (suím)

swam (suém)

swum (suám)

nadar

take (téik)

took (tul)

taken (téikn)

tomar, llevar

teach (tích)

taught (tot)

taught (tot)

enseñar

tell (tel)

told (told)

told (told)

decir, contar

think (zink)

thought (zot)

thought (zot)

pensar, creer

wake (uéik)

woke (uóuk)

waken (uéikn)

despertarse

wear (uéar)

wore (uór)

worn (uórn)

usar (ropa)

win (uín)

won (uón)

won (uón)

ganar

write (ráit)

wrote (róut)

written (rítn)

escribir

INFINITIVO

PASADO SIMPLE

PARTICIPIO PASADO

TRADUCCIÓN

Arise

Arose

Arisen

Surgir, Levantarse

Awake

Awoke

Awoken

Despertarse

Be/ am, are, is

Was / Were

Been

Ser / Estar

Bear

Bore

Borne / Born

Soportar, dar a luz

Beat

Beat

Beaten

Golpear

Become

Became

Become

Llegar a Ser

Begin

Began

Begun

Empezar

Bend

Bent

Bent

Doblar

Bet

Bet

Bet

Apostar

Bind

Bound

Bound

Atar, encuadernar

Bid

Bid

Bid

Pujar

Bite

Bit

Bitten

Morder

Bleed

Bled

Bled

Sangrar

Blow

Blew

Blown

Soplar

Break

Broke

Broken

Romper

Breed

Bred

Bred

Criar

Bring

Brought

Brought

Traer Llevar

Broadcast

Broadcast

Broadcast

Radiar

Build

Built

Built

Edificar

Burn

Burnt /Burned

Burnt / Burned

Quemar

Burst

Burst

Burst

Reventar

Buy

Bought

Bought

Comprar

Cast

Cast

Cast

Arrojar

Catch

Caught

Caught

Coger

Come

Came

Come

Venir

Cost

Cost

Cost

Costar

Cut

Cut

Cut

Cortar

Choose

Chose

Chosen

Elegir

Cling

Clung

Clung

Agarrarse

Creep

Crept

Crept

Arrastrarse

Deal

Dealt

Dealt

Tratar

Dig

Dug

Dug

Cavar

Do (Does)

Did

Done

Hacer

Draw

Drew

Drawn

Dibujar

Dream

Dreamt / Dreamed

Dreamt / Dreamed

Soñar

Drink

Drank

Drunk

Beber

Drive

Drove

Driven

Conducir

Eat

Ate

Eaten

Comer

Fall

Fell

Fallen

Caer

Feed

Fed

Fed

Alimentar

Feel

Felt

Felt

Sentir

Fight

Fought

Fought

Luchar

Find

Found

Found

Encontrar

Flee

Fled

Fled

Huir

Fly

Flew

Flown

Volar

Forbid

Forbade

Forbidden

Prohibir

Forget

Forgot

Forgotten

Olvidar

Forgive

Forgave

Forgiven

Perdonar

Freeze

Froze

Frozen

Helar

Get

Got

Got / Gotten

Obtener

Give

Gave

Given

Dar

Go (Goes)

Went

Gone

Ir

Grow

Grew

Grown

Crecer

Grind

Ground

Ground

Moler

Hang

Hung

Hung

Colgar

Have

Had

Had

Haber o Tener

Hear

Heard

Heard

Oir

Hide

Hid

Hidden

Ocultar

Hit

Hit

Hit

Golpear

Hold

Held

Held

Agarrar Celebrar

Hurt

Hurt

Hurt

Herir

Keep

Kept

Kept

Conservar

Know

Knew

Known

Saber Conocer

Kneel

Knelt

Knelt

Arrodillarse

Knit

Knit

Knit

Hacer punto

Lay

Laid

Laid

Poner

Lead

Led

Led

Conducir

Lean

Leant

Leant

Apoyarse

Leap

Leapt

Leapt

Brincar

Learn

Learnt / Learned

Learnt / Learned

Aprender

Leave

Left

Left

Dejar

Lend

Lent

Lent

Prestar

Let

Let

Let

Permitir

Lie

Lay

Lain

Echarse

Light

Lit

Lit

Encender

Lose

Lost

Lost

Perder

Make

Made

Made

Hacer

Mean

Meant

Meant

Significar

Meet

Met

Met

Encontrar

Mistake

Mistook

Mistaken

Equivocar

Overcome

Overcame

Overcome

Vencer

Pay

Paid

Paid

Pagar

Put

Put

Put

Poner

Read

Read

Read

Leer

Ride

Rode

Ridden

Montar

Ring

Rang

Rung

Llamar

Rise

Rose

Risen