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Task 4
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Sheet B
This crossword is not complete; you have only half the words, the other half is on sheet A. Work in groups to find out the words you don’t have. Listen to the other team, they will describe the location of the word in the crossword and build up a possible definition for the term to be guessed. Be ready to do the same when you take turns for defining words. Follow these rules:
E.g. word 1 across: It is the knee cap, a bone found in the knee joint.
word 1 down: These are the main bones found in the digits.
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1P |
A |
2 T |
E |
L |
L |
3A |
4A |
N |
5 O |
R |
E |
X |
I |
6A |
7 |
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5 L |
E |
P |
R |
O |
U |
S |
8A |
8 C |
N |
E |
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9 O |
R |
A |
9L |
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10N |
A |
U |
S |
E |
A |
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11T |
I |
11B |
I |
A |
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12F |
L |
U |
I |
12D |
13C |
L |
O |
13T |
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14 |
14N |
E |
R |
V |
E |
15 |
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15A |
S |
T |
H |
M |
A |
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16N |
E |
U |
R |
O |
L |
O |
16G |
Y |
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17S |
Y |
N |
O |
V |
I |
A |
L |
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18A |
M |
E |
N |
O |
R |
R |
H |
E |
A |
19F |
E |
M |
U |
R |
Introduction to English for Medicine
UNIT PLAN
Task 1 Introduces basic terminology, arouses cultural insights, and allows for presenting words in meaningful sets.
Task 2 Presents essential vocabulary to describe gross anatomy of the body.
Task 3 Practices defining body parts and body organs.
Task 4 Provides a communicative fluency activity for defining medical terms and derives language skills integration.
Task 5 Vocabulary - expanding activity with specialties and specialists which provides oral reinforcement for talking about likes and preferences. It also introduces word forming essentials from lexis specific to medicine.
Task 6 Raises grammatical consciousness on the use of both the definite and indefinite article in Medical English and allows for guided practice.
Task 7 Gives follow - up practice for describing places and reinforces oral and written skills.
Task 8 Addresses the stages of a medical consultation in English, practices reading for main ideas and overall meaning.
Task 9 Focuses on grammatical accuracy and provides practice in typical situations of a history taking communication.
Task 10 Allows for a communicative wind up to the first unit and grants background opportunities for reinforcing the use of partitive phrases, prepositions and essential language for warning people.
Task 1
Answer key

Answer key
Any word denoting either of the categories included in the box.
Answer key
Accept any logical and linguistically correct definition.
Answer key
Answer key
Answers may include the following:
Task 2
This exercise presents vocabulary needed to describe parts of the body and gross anatomy of the trunk.
Answer key

You may notice that the words tube, passage, canal and duct are used indistinctly with the same meaning, e.g., the vagina not only is the female genital canal but also serves as the excretory duct for the menstrual flow from the uterus and forms part of the birth canal. This muscular tube extends…
Answer key
"tube" for the ureter, the urethra.
"passage" for the trachea, the esophagus, the rectum.
"bag" for the stomach, the bladder.
"lining" for the pleura, the pericardium.
"fluid" for blood, the lymph, secretions.
"substance" for chemical compounds like bilirubin, hemoglobin.
"layers" for the skin – inner (dermis) - outer (epidermis)
"gland" for the liver, the pancreas.
"muscle" for the heart.
"bone" for the tibia, the fibula.
"joint" for junction or articulation of bones.
Task 3
Answer key
Answer key
Accept any logical and linguistically correct definition.
Task 4
This is a fluency activity that gives students a chance to use what they have learned thus far in the unit and to practice spelling.
Before starting the task, divide the class into A/B teams, if you have a large class you may have two As and two Bs. Tell students in group(s) A to look at sheet A and students in group B(s) at sheet B. Remind the students not to look at each other’s sheet. Explain the task. Circulate from group to group and spend time listening, answering questions, and giving guidelines. Call on students from each group to take turns to build up definitions or guess what the other team is defining.
Possible definitions.
Sheet A (Down)
Phalanges: The main bones of the digits of both the hand and foot. There are three: the proximal, middle and distal.
Temple: The flat region on either side of the head above the zygomatic arch. Zygoma: the cheek bone.
AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is a clinical syndrome that is the result of infection and disease with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes profound immunosuppression.
Anticoagulant: An agent which delays reduces or prevents the coagulation .E.g streptokinase.
Oedema: Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues.
Artery: A vessel carrying blood from the heart to the different parts of the body.
Ischemia: Inadequate blood supply to a part of the body.
Carotid: The main artery of the neck.
Lobe: A structural (morphological) division or subdivision of an organ, often demarcated by connective tissue.
Nebulizer: An apparatus for administering a drug as a fine spray. An atomizer
Blood: The fluid that circulates through the vascular system.
Distal: Remote from the point of attachment or origin.
Tarsals: Relating to the tarsi of the foot, or eyelid (bundles of muscle fibres close to the margins of the eyelid
Joint: A junction of two or more bones, especially one that allows relative movement to occur between them.
Papular: Relating to, composed of, marked by, or having the nature of a papule.
Gash: Surgical term for a long deep cut in.
Patella: The knee cap, a bone found in the knee joint.
Anorexia: Loss of appetite, especially when prolonged.
Leprous: Relating to, caused by, or infected with leprosy.
Acne: A generic term denoting an inflammatory disease occurring in or around the sebaceous glands, generally affecting the face, chest and back.
Oral: Belonging to the mouth.
Nausea: A felling of sickness with a desire to vomit.
Tibia: A long bone on the medial and pre-axial borders of the leg, articulating with the fibula laterally, the femur above and the talus below.
Fluid: Liquid. Body secretion.
Clot: A semi-solid mass produced by coagulation in blood, lymph, milk, etc.
Nerve: A bundle of nerve fibre along which impulses pass from one part of the body to another.
Asthma: The term used for a syndrome characterized by recurrent attacks of difficult breathing.
Neurology: The speciality of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of diseases of the nervous system.
Synovial: Relating to or consisting of synovia. Lubricant of the joint.
Amenorrhea: The pathological absence of the menstrual discharge from the uterus for reasons other than pregnancy.
Femur: The thigh bone.
Task 5
This is a vocabulary building exercise with words organized into a semantic set, so that not only can the meanings of the words be more effectively learned in such set, but because they can be remembered better. It also presents some major roots, prefixes and suffixes from which medical lexis is formed.
Answer key
Specialties Specialists
Neurology Cardiologist
Haematology Nephrologist
Dermatology Bacteriologist
Otorrhinolaringology Epidemiologist
Paediatrics Oncologist
Optional: You may have the students develop their own list of specialties and specialists.
Answer key
Answer key
Accept any logical and linguistically correct answer.
You may prompt the class to use the following cues:
Optional: You may invite some students to take turns to read their compositions aloud so that the rest of the class can guess the specialty being described.
Answer key
Accept any logical and linguistically correct answer.
e) Explain the task. Check if the students know all the words in the second column. Call on students to read their answers. It time is short; you may assign this exercise as homework. Students may not be able to come up with clear examples of use, be ready to give help and support as required.
Answer key
6,4,7,9,1,10,8,2,3,5
Possible examples
Task 6
This is the first formally explicit grammar section. It is mostly designed to be looked at and studied in silence. At this point of the unit students must be made aware of certain simple rules for the use of the article and some basic regularities of use in Medical English which might be of great help. You may either get the class to study and analyse the grammar notes on their own, go through them together with the class, or use them for feedback work as required.
Answer key
Task 7
This exercise presents language to describe the anatomy of a hospital and allows for reviewing the structure "It’s a place where you…and reinforcing the causative use of have and get.
Answer key

Answer Key
Accept any logical and linguistically correct answer.
c) This is a simulation practice intended to encourage general oral and written fluency where the students simulate a real-life encounter, as if they were doing so in the real world.
Set the scene and have the students speak and react as themselves to produce a brief description for conference participants. e.g. it’s a place where you can find/get /have/make use of different surgical devices for….You may also encourage them to use the causative use of get and have (Get is a little more common in casual conversations, whereas have is often used in writing.) e.g. there you can have a blood test done/ a plain X-ray performed, etc.
In this type of classroom procedure you may play a number of different roles:
Answer key
Accept any logical and linguistically correct answer.
Task 8
This activity acquaints the students with essential terminology to talk about the medical work-up in English and practices reading for information. It calls for the use of techniques and procedures of cooperative learning.
Answer key
Doctor – patient interview- at an outpatient department
Answer key
Any of the terms illustrated above or any other suitable word students might come up with.
Answer key
A medical consultation with a patient can be divided into six stages:
I: Greeting the patient
II: History Taking
III: Clinical Examination
IV: Discussing patient’s problems with him/ her
V: Management
VI: Conclusion
The only stage briefly contained in the mini dialog is history taking and focuses basically on chief complaint and onset of the problem that usually goes within history of the presenting illness.
Answer key
Answers may vary but should include the following:
History taking can be further divided into several stages:
The above order is not necessarily rigid. For example, after eliciting the presenting symptoms (or chief complaint) some doctors prefer to deal with stages 3-5 before the present illness. In practice, some stages may be very short, or may not occur at all.
Main body systems
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Abdominal |
Digestive, Gastrointestinal, Alimentary |
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Genitourinary |
Reproductive, Genital-urinary |
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Respiratory |
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Cardiovascular |
or |
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Neurologic/al |
Central nervous system (CNS), Psychiatric |
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Musculoskeletal |
Bones and joints |
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Endocrine |
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Circulatory |
Haematological |
You may write this table on the board to reinforce pronunciation, stress and phoneme – grapheme correspondence.
Symptoms: any subjective evidence of disease; i.e. the effects of the illness as reported by the patient. Signs: any objective evidence of disease; i.e. what the doctor finds on examination.
Poor compliance: When patients do not follow the doctor’s advice and refuse to cooperate.
Medical note
The medical work-up is a term used to refer to the sequence of diagnostic inquires and laboratory tests that are implemented during the evaluation of any specific medical problem. The primary job of a medical student starting clinical work is to become familiar with the work-up process and to learn to conduct a patient work-up thoroughly and efficiently.
Although the specific details of the work-ups for various problems may be quite different, the sequence of data acquisition and analysis is always the same: first a history is taken, then a physical examination is performed, then the laboratory data are collected and analysed, and finally the diagnostic and therapeutic plan is implemented. This sequence of history-physical- laboratory data assessment-plan is the heart of every work-up.
Task 9
This is another formally explicit grammar section aimed at reinforcing form-use-meaning relationship of common verb tenses in D-P and D-D communications.
Answer key
Task 10
This is the communicative wind up for the unit. It presents important vocabulary on medications, reinforces the use of partitive phrases, practices reading for main ideas. It also emphasizes the use of prepositions and essential language for warning people.
a) Introduce the notion of containers either using the illustrations provided or bringing to class real medication containers and examples of medications with different presentations. Explain the task and ask the class to match the words into either category accordingly. Invite them to add other words to each grouping.
Answer key
Accept any correct word students may come up with. Deal with any unfamiliar vocabulary: vial = small closed or closable vessels specially for liquids; ampoule = a hermetically sealed small bulbous glass vessel that is used to hold a solution for hypodermic injections; dispenser = a container that pushes out, sprays or feeds out in convenient units; suspension = the state of a substance when its particles are mixed with but undissolved in a fluid or solid; caplets = (trademark) used for capsule-shaped medicinal tablets.
Other possible words not included in the picture could be:
Lotions, drops, syrups, liquids, pills, jelly, aerosol, drafts, creams, suppositories, pessaries, (this last one for vaginal use only), etc.
Answer key
Answer key
You may as well ask students to present their talks without saying the name of the medication they are describing so that the rest of the class can guess.
Answer key
Accept any logical and linguistically correct answer.
1- IALS University of Edinburgh. English for medical students.Based on the dictionary of medicine. 2nd
Ed.1994.
2-Macklis R, M.D.Mendelson M, M.D.Mudge G, M.D.Manual of Introductory Clinical Medicine. Library
of Congress Catalog. USA. 1987.
3- Medical Plurals. Meditec. Disponible en http://www.meditec.com
4- Medical Specialists. Englishclub.com. Disponible en
work/medical-specialists.htm.
5- Morales García JF. Los progresos de las ciencias médicas. Habana: La Moderna Poesía, 1924:3-19.
6- Narey Ramos B, Aldereguía Henríquez. Medicina social y salud pública en Cuba. Editorial
Pueblo y Educación. La Habana, 1990. 130.
7- Simeón Negrín, Rosa Elena. La ciencia y la tecnología en Cuba. Revista Cubana de Medicina
Tropical v.49 n.3 Ciudad de la Habana sep.-dic. 1997
8-Snell. R Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students.5th Edition, USA, 1995.
9- William S. Haubrich, MD. Medical Meanings: A Glossary of Word Origins, American College of
Physicians, 2003, p. 143.
Datos de las Autoras:
La MSc. María Josefa Moré Peláez nació en Camagüey, Cuba. Estudió la Licenciatura en Educación, especialidad Inglés en el Instituto Superior Pedagógico "José Martí" de dicha ciudad. Es profesora auxiliar y se desempeñó varios años como Jefa del Departamento de Inglés del Instituto de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Actualmente es la Jefa del Colectivo de Asignatura de 4to año e imparte cursos de inglés en enseñanza pre y post graduada. Forma parte del colectivo de autores nacional para la elaboración de libros de texto.
La MSc. Concepción Bueno Velazco nació en Camagüey, Cuba. Estudió la Licenciatura en Educación, especialidad Inglés en el Instituto Superior Pedagógico "José Martí" de dicha ciudad. Es profesora titular y Metodóloga Nacional de Inglés con Fines Médicos en Cuba. Se desempeñó como secretaria ejecutiva del GELI (Grupo de Especialistas de Idioma Inglés) en Camagüey. Imparte cursos a doctores, estudiantes de medicina y profesores de inglés en el Instituto de Ciencias Médicas en Camagüey. Forma parte del colectivo de autores nacional para la elaboración de libros de texto.
La Lic. Isabel Pérez Ortiz nació en Las Tunas, Cuba. Estudió la Licenciatura en Educación, especialidad Inglés en el Instituto Superior Pedagógico "Pepito Tey". En este centro inició su trabajo como profesora de Práctica Integral de la Lengua Inglesa y Metodología de la Enseñanza del Inglés. Es profesora instructora del Instituto de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Actualmente se desempeña como profesora de Inglés Médico del 4to año de Medicina en dicha Universidad. Ha participada en varios eventos científicos como autora y tutora, obteniendo en estos buenos resultados.
Autoras:
Msc. María Josefa Moré Peláez
Msc. Concepción Bueno Velazco
Lic. Isabel Pérez Ortiz
Camagüey, Cuba, 10 de diciembre del 2007.
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