Síndrome Metabólico -Epidemia del siglo XXI- (página 2)

3. Meadors G. Correspondence to B. Boone, November 1,
1948. In: Papers of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, Monthly Reports Heart Disease Epidemiology Study
Folder.

4. Vague J. Sexual differentiation, a factor affecting
the forms of obesity. Pres Med. 1947; 30: 339- 40.

5. Bjorntorp P. The regulation of adipose tissue
distribution in humans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996; 20:
291- 302.

6. Kissebah AH, Vydelingum N, Murray R. Relation of body
fat distribution to metabolic complication of obesity. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab 1982; 54: 254- 60.

7. Reaven GM, Banting Conference lecture 1988. Role of
insuline resistance in human disease.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [Consulta: 18
noviembre.2010].

8. De Fronzo RA, Ferranini E. Insulin resistance: a
multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity,
hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atheroesclerotic cardiovascular
disease. Diabetes Care 1991; 14:173-194.

9. Meigs JB, Hu FB, Rifai N. Biomarkers of Endothelial
Dysfunction and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. JAMA 2004; 291:
1978-86.

10. An interview with Gerald Reaven: Syndrome X: the
Risks of insuline resistente. http://www.cacrc.ca (Canadian
Association of cardiac Rehabilitation- CARC Newsletter Fall
2000).

11. Kaplan JR, Adams MR, Clarkson TB, Manuck SB, Shively
CA, Williams JK. Psychosocial Factors, Sex Differences, and
Atherosclerosis: Lessons From Animal Models. Psychosomatic
Medicine 1996; 58: 598-611.

12. Word Health Organization: definitions, diagnosis and
a classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its complications:
report of WHO consultation. Geneva. World Health Org.,
1999.).

13. Ryder, Elena. Una epidemia global: El
Síndrome Metabólico. An Venez Nutr, 2005;
18(1):105-109.

14. Epidemiología, diagnóstico, control,
prevención y tratamiento del síndrome
metabólico en adultos. Consenso Latinoamericano de la
Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes, 2007. Disponible
en:
http://alad-latinoamerica.blogspot.com/2009/12/consenso-latinoamericano
de la html.

15. World Health Organization. Definition, diagnosis,
and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Report of WHO consultation. Geneve: WHO; 1999.

16. Eckel RH, Gruñid SM, y Zimmet PZ. The
metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2005; 365:1415-28.

17. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, y Serranos Ríos M. Una
nueva definición mundial del síndrome
metabólico propuesta por la Federación
Internacional de Diabetes: Fundamento y resultados. Rev Esp
Cardiol. 2005; 58(12): 1371-6.

18. Balkau B, Charles MA. Comment on the provisional
report from the WHO consultation. European group for the study of
insuline resistance (EGIR). Diabet Med. 1999; 16:
442-3.

19. Executive Summary of the Third report of the
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert panel on
detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in
adults (Adult treatment panel III). JAMA.2001;
285:2486-2.

20.Alberti KGMM, Zimmet PZ, Shaw JE. The metabolic
syndrome: a new world- wide definition from the International
Diabetes Federation consensus. Lancet. 2005; 366: 1059-
62.

21. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the
metabolic syndrome. Internacional Diabetes Federation, 2005.
Disponible en:www.idf.org/webdata/docsIDF_Metasyndrome_definition.pdf.

22. Ferreira Montero IJ.Introducción. Rev Esp
Cardiol supl. 2005; 5: 1D- 2D.

23. Cordero A, Alegría E, León Montserrat.
Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico. Rev Esp
Cardiol Supl. 2005; 5: 11D- 5D.

24.Cordero A, Alegria E, Montserrat L. Prevalencia del
Síndrome Metabólico. Revista española de
cardiología 2006; 5:11-15.

25. Alexander CM, Landsman PB, Teutsch SM, Haffner SM.
NECP-Defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of
coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years
and older. Diabetes. 2003; 52:1210-4

26. Ryder E.Una Epidemia Global: El síndrome
metabólico. An Venez Nutr. 2005; 18, supl 1.

27. Crepaldi G, Maggi. El Síndrome
Metabólico. Contexto histórico. Diabetes Voice.
2006; 51.

28. Instituto de Investigaciones clínicas Dr.
Amercico Negrette¨Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zulia,
Maracaibo, Venezuela. An Venez Nutr.18 (1). Caracas
2005.

29. Duncan GE, Li SM, Zhou XH. Prevalence and trends of
a metabolic

syndrome phenotype among US adolescents Diabetes Care
2004; 27:2438-2443

30. Chen w, Srinivasan sr, Berenson gs. Path Analysis of
Metabolic

Syndrome Components in black versus white children,
adolescents, and

adults: the bogalusa heart study. ann epidemiol
2008;18(2):85-91, pmid: 18191760

31. Bastarrachea RA, Shelley A, Cole A, Comuzzie G.
Genómica de la regulación del peso corporal:
mecanismos moleculares que predisponen a la obesidad. Med Clin
(Barc). 2004; 123: 104- 17.

32. Martín Laclaustra Gimeno, Bergua
Martínez Clara, Pascual Calleja Isaac, Casasnovas Lenguas
José A. Síndrome metabólico. Concepto y
fisiopatología. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2005;5(Supl
D):3-10.

33. Maiz G A. El síndrome metabolico y riesgo
cardiovascular. Boletín de la Escuela de Medicina 2005; 30
(1).

34. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist.
Code for dismetabolic Syndrome X. Año 2002.

35. Ginsberg HN. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular
disease. J Clin Invest. 2000; 106:453-8.

36. Malik J, Melenovsky V, Wichterle D, [et al.]. Both
fenofibrato and atorvastatin improve vascular reactivity in
combined hyperlipemia. Cardiovasc Res 2001;
52:290-298.

37. Crook ED. The genetics of human hypertension. Semin
Nephrol 2002; 22:27-34.

38. Fruehwald E, Schultes B. Hiperinsulinemia causes
activation of the hypo-thalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in human.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001; 1:538-540.

39. Del Río Ligorit A, Ferreira Montero IJ,
Casasnovas Lenguas JA, Alegría Ezquerra E, Laclaustra M,
León M, et al. Temas de actualidad en cardiología
preventiva: el síndrome metabólico. Rev Esp Cardiol
supl. 2005; 5: 13 A- 23A.

40. Bonora E, Kiechl S, Willeit J et al. Prevalence of
insulin resistance in metabolic disorders: the Bruneck Study.
Diabetes. 1998; 47: 1643-9.

41. Chobanian AV, Bakris GR, Black HF, Cushman WC, Green
LA, Izzo JL, et al. for the National Heart, Lung and Blood
institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection,
Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High
Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh
Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection,
Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7
report. JAMA. 2003; 289:2560 -72

42. Cubeddu LX. Insulin resistance and upper – normal
glucose levels in hyper-tension: a review. J Human Hypertens
2002; 16(1):52-55.

43 Yudkin JS, Stehouwer CD, Emeis JJ. C-reactive protein
in healthy subjects: associations with obesity, insulin
resistance, and endothelial dysfunction: a potential role for
cytokines originating from adipose tissue? Arterioscler Thromb
Vasc Biol. 1999; 19:972-8.

44. García Romero de Tejada G, Escobar Monrreale
HF. Hiperandrogenismo en la mujer diabética: rol de la
resistencia insulínica y de la hiperinsulinemia.
Endocrinol Nutr. 2003; 50:363-368.

45 Martínez de Moretin BE, Rodríguez MC y
Martínez JA. Síndrome metabólico,
Resistencia a la insulina y metabolismo tisular.
Endocrinología y Nutrición 2003;
50(8):326.

46. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Serrano M. Una nueva
definición mundial del síndrome metabólico
propuesta por la Federación Internacional de Diabetes:
fundamento y resultados. Rev Esp Cardiol 2005;
58:1371-76.

47. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman
JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome. A joint
interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task
Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and
Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart
Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and
International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation
2009; 120:1640-45.

Autor:

Dr. Modesto González
Cortiñas

Especialista de 2do Gdo en Medicina Interna.

Prof. Auxiliar de Medicina Interna. ISCMVC.

MCs en Longevidad Satisfactoria

Dr. Ariel Cepero Del Sol

Residente de 2do Año de Medicina General
Integral.