Living experience for mental disability

IMPLEMETACION JUSTIFICATION OF SOCIAL
REHABILITATION PROGRAM PEOPLE WEEVIL

Introduction

The
purpose of implementing this program is to provide the
opportunity to identify significant aspects of themselves that
allow them to act on his plan of life, autonomy and
independence.According to the current implications of the Special
New Life Foundation, the obligations to basic and advanced
activities that children should perform are permeated by
household dynamics, in the sense that they are dependent against
mosttasks of everyday life: food preparation, arrangement of
beds, the room, the clothing, in some cases according to the
level of cognitive impairment submit personal hygiene, clothing
and food.

By the same thinking in the population that does not
have those kind of cognitive difficulties, by the by hand with
tools to organize your thoughts, expectations, wants and needs it
has been decided to implement this project, which will provide
the user well as the independence and the fact assume their
responsibilities also experience an independent life with
specific policies of coexistence.

Thus, coverage will promote basic social needs of
accommodation, food, and constant ongoing support in a population
with mental conditions, cognitive and neurological severe and
prolonged.

This cover fits standard artificial family
environment, promoting the participation of users in daily chores
and the internal organization of the residency, for which it has
a multidisciplinary team providing care and attention within
residential 24-hour supervision.It is considered appropriate
in the attachment of this assistance program and accompanying
institutional process, encouraging users to self-regulated
performance through improved personal and social autonomy, so
that is guided by the ideas of the
Rehabilitation Psychosocial.The intervention offered in the
residence is assimilated to the Community model of an overview of
the user and its environment, comprehensively addressing it by
the various professionals involved.

Thus, it seeks recovery of maximum autonomy
of the participants, enabling them to achieve a successful
integration and social integration and, therefore, get a better
quality of live.

Psychosocial
program justification

The program aims to design and implement
the program called Pueblo Weevil, it is located outside the
headquarters, in an area where participants must be initiated by
adaptation and construction of housing and community modules,
developing productive workshop programsagriculture, poultry and
pigs that can generate its own resources and put into practice
the skills acquired to perform in various areas of social life,
personal and communal.It is important to recall that according to
the sometimes lengthy process of institutionalization, some young
people will inevitably go through different stages of development
that enable them to transform specific aspects of your life, both
concerning corporeality and physical growth, and the acquisition
of new elements that determine their emotional and social
dynamics, then it is the immediate representative institution
must assume not only protection but also their psychosocial
development.Therefore it is appropriate to think of a program
that allows them to take responsibility for themselves, insofar
as they are self-employed, take care of their personal hygiene,
care of clothing, food, home care, the personal objects and
their peers, as well as the environment shifts, to launch
activities involving independent living.

Similarly, when in a space feel ownership is necessary
to be aware of your belongings look like themselves, beginning to
take a different meaning to the extent that is identified as part
of his life. Also the relationship with peers and the
strengthening of "family ties" triggered concern about what the
other does, feels or needs, ensuring care then a space which is
the construction of a benchmark of coexistence.

In this way the program will undoubtedly claim them as
subjects who are part of a social environment despite current
psychiatric diagnosis determines his mental condition, then
constituted as subjects of rights and duties. Which will be
fed directly into a social space where they will have contact
with people near the site where it will be located Pueblo Weevil,
then having to organize their behavior, the way they act and
think from the relationship with the other in
the development of healthy living.So the idea of ??making
use of their own space will allow them to recognize their
interests and needs, making decisions regarding immediate needs
as well as against the spatial, contextual, personal and family
which involve concerns that addressed aspects of daily life
such as What dine today?How I get dressed? How will organize
my stuff? O What color will paint my house?

It is important to mention as belonging to a model of
institutionalization, such approaches are discarded upon loss of
individualization as to live under these parameters all members
of the protection center falls under general precepts, that if
they allow the order and coexistence in a real way not allow
continuous deployment autonomy.On the other hand it is important
to highlight that the NNA of our institution that will be part of
the project counted with Weevil Pueblo independent lifestyle
which will help them improve their quality of life to the extent
that generate expectations about their future, set up
plans action against specific situations, such adopt
proactive behaviors that determine the implementation of
strategies that lead them to adapt to the environment and act
according to the demands of it.

Another important aspect to consider is that with the
initiative of the program we approach the idea of ??a family home
where basic and advanced activities of daily living are paramount
in the effective operation of the space and the dynamics of
coexistence, becoming necessary recognition of the
particular needs without ignoring the existence of a different
one provided wishes, dreams and interests.

Another defining characteristic Weevil People program is
allowing them to self-sufficiency to the extent that sow,
cultivate and prepare their own food, making it even more crucial
the need to be responsible for most essential aspects of
independent living. It is noteworthy that all young people
from their arrival at the institution have been trained around
the central themes relating to agriculture, planting, harvesting
food as well as deal with the preparation of different types of
products required for nutrient acquisition in any
context. Special New Life Foundation will continue to be the
main family reference for members of the scheme, ensure the full
enjoyment of fundamental rights, will provide direct intervention
of psychosocial staff of the foundation, doing therapeutic work
has been the practice in the development of the process of
institutionalization .

Just as there are specific changes in the transition
from childhood to adolescence where they face complex situations
both their physical and their emotional dynamic, just as happens
in the passage to adulthood where they no longer are only
those determine what changes this stage of development but
also what is the connotation that productivity begins to generate
in the social sphere where work and occupational activities
determined as the social subjects. Accordingly speak of the
importance of being recognized as active, as part of an
environment that constantly demands results, becoming the tasks
of daily life as integral to the functionality of the
subject.

Similarly, the search for life project would have an
important place within the objectives proposed by the weevil
people program to the extent that they will work according to
your wishes and needs as well as based on making their own
decisions, knowing or reaffirming the idea of ??what they want to
become and how they organize to get it, according to the tools we
have and demand established by the environment.

Making it necessary to acquire new responsibilities,
developing his life a different sense in which it is expected to
actively engage in environmental demands, taking charge of your
social life, family and work.

Given that the establishment of healthy living is
essential in the execution of this project it is necessary for
children and adolescents understand the importance of tolerating
their peers, to learn to relate to others, to recognize their
needs and limitations as well as the others.Considering the
importance of the environment in which to conduct the
intervention project is necessary to make continuous work with
neighbors which of them to meet the project objectives, the
implications it entails, the benefits to be gained once set
in motion, and above all, sensitize and train the residents of
the community, in the treatment of respect, tolerance, rights,
welfare, self-determination of people with intellectual
disability to become a more inclusive community educate
against way to recognize the shape of the NNA work of our
institution.

Objectives

GENERAL PURPOSE

Allow the development of social roles
standardized across the organization close as possible to a
family home.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

• Promote a standardized operation
through improved autonomy personal and social.

• To ensure that the basic social
needs of housing, constant maintenance and ongoing
support.

• Provide guidance to families (if
they have any) of people with mental disabilities, their ability
and coping resources.

• Contribute to the social, emotional
stability and mutual support between residents and the community
through their coexistence.

Background

GENERAL BACKGROUND

About 30 years ago, in countries such as Colombia, the
rehabilitation of people took place in hospitals, rehabilitation
centers, nursing homes for the mentally ill and care centers for
special educational needs. This type of care originating a
high dependency of people and families to these services, where
they felt protected from discrimination and architectural and
social barriers, limiting their ability to adapt to disability
and subsequent reintegration. This model has recently been
modified and in Europe, specifically in Spain, comes forward an
action plan for people with disabilities between 2005 and 2008,
the methodology focuses on the support from a positive approach
to the individual, primarily considering its abilities
rather than their disabilities. Therefore, there are
programs in Occupational Centers and in special employment
centers, improving socio-economic inclusion of people with
disabilities.

In operation 1992 System of the person with mental
commitment will improve if you are offered appropriate support
for a continuous period. For this reason, both conceptual
and practical natural supports are used as more efficient and
effective means to improve habilitation services. This
belief is reflected in the current interest towards programs such
as supported employment, sheltered housing or support systems in
regular school. The importance of these supports is that are
a most natural, efficient and continued to increase
interdependence, productivity, community integration and
satisfaction of these people.Thus, within the revised Programme
for People project Weevil is taken into account among others, the
so-called Stela, involving the Down syndrome population and hard
intellectual work contexts, supporting the patient in their work
tothis gain autonomy in performing their duties and
tasks. It encourages a process of continuous development,
not only in the workplace, but social and personal. Thus, it
helps the subject expresses his needs and desires, claim their
rights, give their opinions, decide on the various issues that
affect them in their life, to achieve a more independent life and
quality. Another project of the studies reviewed is the
proposal of the supermini, which is to engage participants in
rides and field observations, to identify gaps, deficiencies,
damages or alterations in a specific urban or rural
area. Thus, although participants present limitations for
activities, must keep their attention on certain aspects of the
environment, to carry out searches on ideas to contribute to the
environment.

It should be noted that the mental health field has
undergone significant changes over the past three decades, these
have focused on different levels of care, therapeutic,
rehabilitative, legal, etc.. This has forced to leave behind
the times in which they built large hospital complexes where
entered all kinds of mental patients, most social more
psychiatric problems. Such spaces were popularly known as
"asylums". Currently these transformations have enabled
advocate for the integration of people with mental illness in
society.So it gives way to the birth of the Psychiatric Reform,
which originated in countries like USA, UK, Italy, in the years
60 and 70, which seeks to respond to a new conception of the
mentally ill, is conceived as person who is part of society
and as such should live in it the best suited way possible.World
is born simultaneously a movement called Antipsychiatry, which
will put pressure compared to the closing of mental institutions
questioning the actual existence of the mentally
ill. Similarly dehospitalization movements arise, which lead
us to believe in the possibility of providing therapeutic
treatments to patients with mental illness outside hospital
compounds, thus promoting social inclusion and the abolition of
psychiatric stigma.

When a person assumes the role of inpatient, this is
before the beginning of a series of processes that are framed by
the fundamentals of the mental hospital as an institution that
aims for the recovery of a prior state of health, this aspect
will impact on their subjective construction, since it is
highly likely to notice an environment that recognizes it as
being different owner of a disease that excludes and
marginalizes. Although we can not speak of them simply as a
measure of exclusion or exercise control; inherited social
control mechanisms which keep truths, integrate science, stand
figures, it is also producing a unique environment in
which forces converge, powers and operate the madness, so
closure is seen as a structural element of the psychiatric
hospital.

This therapeutic action is founded on the closure in its
purest nature. For Castel (1980), how to order the
psychiatric hospital has the urgency to ensure isolation, away
from the outside world a way to avoid influences that could
disrupt the actual disease, in addition to establishing an
organization, the provision and distribution of spaces,
times , the introduction of a hierarchy, the ordering,
regulating daily life of the patient and a bond to the exercise
of power that is consistently applied the principles of an
asymmetrical relationship is, the doctor and his team of
assistants to someone who waiting to be cured.This allows us
to glimpse a notion taxpayer who does not have the capacity to
solicitation your life according to interests, desires, dreams
and individual rights but instead is waiting for an external
healing ability.

While the intent is not focused on ignoring the care
provided in these spaces hospital, since regardless of the
dynamics present offer needed services to the requestor, is also
relevant to note the implications of negative order offerings
such carries the person who is confined in such
institutions. Thus, experience has shown that a prolonged
stay in hospital-generated Institutions in patients with mental
disorders repeated episodes of aggression, which represents risk
to both staff and to other users of the service. Likewise,
the increase of stress and signs of gradual improvement tending
to chronicity are sample long-term effects of
institutionalization with hospital characteristics.

Such findings have led to propose new models of care
focused on social inclusion and community of the patient, thus
promoting self-organization processes, in which favors autonomy,
understood as a condition that the person can generate rules, in
order own life, according to the situations to be
faced. There is occasionally a misunderstanding of the
relationship between autonomy, self-sufficiency and
independence. All units have therefore the person with
mental disorder depends very little on relationships / things,
and this situation may diminish their autonomy limited.It is in
this context that the terms of trade constitute an axis marker of
the rehabilitation process, giving sequence at various levels of
obligation, to be effective, material or symbolic. To the
extent that the person increase their power to effect exchanges,
grows proportionally to liability, this autonomy can be
understood as a condition acquired by the patient through his
involvement with the rehabilitation process itself. Being
involved, commitment and professional participation are valuable
aspects that allow the person in mental suffering can rebuild and
return to their own way.

Rehabilitation for social introduction or
also known as psychosocial rehabilitation was seen as associated
with the idea of ??belonging and movement that brings something
to fall asleep itself. In psychiatric institutions
subject-object relationship is through the protocols of
procedures, depersonalizing the individual, through a silent
cycle leading to chronic conditions for both patient and
professional institution. This brings up the idea of
??bailout coupled with the possibility of rehabilitation in the
social context:

"… Is to rebuild something that was lost
in the hospital (…) one can try to promote spaces for you to
return to their things, including being able to participate."
(Ornellas 2007)

CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUND

A Little History of the Foundation

Special New Life Foundation, traces its
origins to 1995, on the initiative of associations of families of
persons with chronic mental illness, who felt the need to develop
an entity that could take over the care of people with severe and
persistent mental disorders (TMGP) and to give a
comprehensive and effective response to the needs for mental
health, especially those related to the legal, social and labor
of the people.The Foundation is a supervisory body nonprofit,
charitable purpose stated for assistance. With no legal
personality recognized by 0476 Secretary of Cundinamarca October
2, 1995, and amended on September 19, 2003 with 0,002,702
Resolution of the Ministry of Social Protection. Since its
inception, the Foundation has given New Life Special accommodate
users belonging to the group called psychiatric care, with a
record of chronological and developmental ages too low, your
mission is to provide comprehensive social and people with severe
mental disorderspersistent, which aims embodied in particular in
three areas including:

• Promotion and residential resource
management, psychosocial rehabilitation, labor and other
obligations to people with TMGP.

• Generation of employment for people
with TMGP, promoting the creation of social economy enterprise
(special employment centers) that constitutes a real alternative
labor market access.

• Assumption of protection of people
with chronic and persistent mental disorders.

At the outset attention was paid in one
venue, then and in response to the need for specialized care for
developmental deficits, widened preparation workshops. For
the year 2006, will be the opening of the first resource for
Social Care (Flat protected from Buitrera), leading to the
Foundation achieve considerable growth in its expansion,
increasing the number of guards, people with chronic and
persistent mental disorders, resources social, professional
contracted, and the implementation of new care programs and other
activities to fulfill its reason for being.

Foundation currently has 174 users, and social care
resources are sheltered housing, psychosocial rehabilitation
centers, physical rehabilitation center, day care (day
hospital).Similarly, as every organization has a mission and
vision that embodies the essence of this as well as principles
and values. These describe.

MISSIONSpecial New Life Foundation is a private non
profit organization responsible for the provision of family
welfare services nationally and member of Family Welfare System,
whose purpose is the protection, housing and rehabilitation of
children and adolescents with mental and protection of
children and youth who are in situations of neglect or risk of
damage to their physical, moral and / or mental impairment that
promotes research and develops comprehensive care program for
people developing behavioral and emotional disorders and
alterations associated behaviors, to contribute to the
habilitation and rehabilitation, promoting independence and
individual achievement, social, work and family.VISIONAware of
the need for specialized care, our goals and processes are geared
towards family reintegration, be it biological or artificial,
social, school, work to improve the quality of life of users to
be self-advocates promoting your process, thus becoming
a organization that dignifies and assists those who are at
risk of damaging their physical, moral or mental, neglect,
physical or mental limitations, seeking recovery and potentiation
of existing capacities.

Principles and
values

Foundation programs are proposed as an alternative
trans-disciplinary care for behavioral and emotional disorders
that require intense and widespread support to development of
adaptive and intellectual skills and maximum independence in
daily living.

• All services are guided by the principles of
normalization, equal

opportunities and self-determination, issued by the UN
in the universal declaration of human rights of people with
disabilities in 1994.

• The program is framed online since 1995 in the
current paradigm of disability.

• The programs are developed in four dimensions:
Intellectual-adaptive

Psychological and emotional

Health-SafetyEnvironment and social

• The programs are addressed from an individualized
treatment plan forrespond to the particular needs of each
user.

• Man is seen in a comprehensive and proactive,
which is considereda unique and indivisible that must be
addressed transdisciplinary, with constructional view, support
the strengths and limitations for growth from the difficulties
generated.

• It helps people with severe behavioral and
emotional disorders and their families have the best quality of
life possible.

It is to recognize that programs and models of care have
grown foundation, while allowing the development of activities
and strategies that result in changes in personality and
performance in the area of ??occupation and daily lives of users,
leading managers to create a more comprehensive, most likely
independent performance for a youth group. And when born
Weevil People program initiative.

Arises an idea

In a society like ours, where there has been the idea
that psychiatric hospitals are deposits reducideros incurably and
humans, in which each of the mentally ill do not have the ability
to recognize the reality and adapt to the conditions of
the life, much less belong to a community, which implies
being institutionalized and interned for many years or for life
and live totally isolated not only on the margins of society, but
outside themselves.The need arises in the programs of the
foundation to create an individualized housing modality that
allows and promotes the independence and privacy of young people
to be respected and protected with the possibility of living in a
semi-independent within the institutional environment.This
program aimed primarily to enforce fundamental rights as they are
to life and survival, development, protection and participation;
endorse management of equal opportunities, promote and ensure
respect for privacy and offeryoung people the best stimulation
and learning opportunities to develop their potential, making it
necessary that young people meet at least the requirements of
optimal psychosocial development, an appropriate level of
autonomy, be aware of their fundamental rights and an excellent
performance in prevocational activities offered by the
institution where the most important condition is the
participation in the construction of all the cabins, facilitating
and promoting social interaction reaffirming the need for
teamwork, solidarity and sense of belonging, which which
requires both supervision and constant guidance institutional
staff concerned, as a level of engagement in the activities to be
developed by each user.

Functions are established for residents

Given the importance of internal
organization in residence, quepermita developing personal and
social roles through the incorporation of standards, maintenance
and commitment to community residents the best possible quality
of life for them, it is necessary to define the routine
duties that relate to the standardized operation and increased
personal and social autonomy evidenced through the basic tasks
within their village, cottage and personal level, set as
follows:

• Activities within the village:
consists of grooming your cabin and the toilet from the
restrooms, if that product, and maintenance of village general
meet established schedules: get up on time and arrive on timethe
dining room.

• Personal Care: includes bathing,
using tools such as bath soap, shampoo, toothbrush,
etc..

• Care of uniforms and other garments:
refers to the daily toilet uniforms, as well as tights and
underwear, just as proper maintenance of the shoes.

The incorporation and maintenance of these
routines promotes social integration and mutual support residents
through coexistence.

Thus, this project presents a hosting
service community, avoiding as far as possible
institutionalization, which serves family housing when this is
not provided, strengthening the maintenance of social and family
ties, as noted RIDRUEJO (1996) Family-cultural environment
is favorable because it stimulates the mental level.Ultimately
hosting service is a place to live as close to a home as much as
possible to suit your needs and preferences.The implementation of
this modality in the management of this population with mental
disabilities is a step to be able to cover accommodation to a
group that can not currently access it for their own state based,
and belonging to the group of abandonment part of the
biological families.

It is also assumed the residence, as a form
of community-oriented ward accommodation, so that integration
activities conducted outside the residence, and all therapeutic
activities, with greater resemblance to a village for people with
mental illness .People Weevil then becomes independent
living experience for people with mental disabilities have
generated changes in relation to the intervention system, almost
to the independence or intermittent monitoring.

The Protagonists

There is no denying the impact that generated the
participation in the project on people's daily life, as she said
Heller, had a development in the immediate environment of the
subjects, which took advantage of the conditions that people have
innate within cultivated and the ability to use them to
appropriate everyday life. It stemmed from the idea of
??working with unique and unrepeatable beings, capable of
manipulating the world from their own experience and according to
their special needs and motivations.The protagonists are disabled
by severe and prolonged mental illness who present the following
profile:

Level of self-care deficit and personal autonomy, and
self-medication compliance adherence.

Low awareness of disease.

Refractory to treatment with persistent positive and
negative symptoms that affect psychosocial functioning areas,
with moderate or severe.

Deinstitutionalization person or at risk of social
exclusion.

People of both sexes, regardless of age, with some level
of personal and social autonomy to meet the demands posed by life
and living in the residence.

Psychopathological situation stabilized and not be in
crisis by his illness.

Have the need for accommodation and support, not
available due to absence, inadequacy or inability of a family
environment to submit the necessary supports to live with an
acceptable level of quality of life.

Theoretical
foundation

At this point set the conceptual
underpinning this project, as are the definitions used in the
field of health to discuss subjects with mental, and physical
development as well as program guidelines currently being
developed , employees intervention models and legal
considerations.Background and evolution of the concept of
disability

The conceptual elements about disability
have evolved from a biomedical perspective, which views
disability as a problem or illness that is overcome by the care
and support of technological advances toward a broader vision
that involves the environment, the society and culture, for
which, in the FENV disability is considered not just a
problem of the individual or family, but is defined by a number
of environmental, economic and cultural.Thus, it is established
that there is a disease or attribute of the person, because it is
related to the presence of practical, social and cultural factors
that limit negative social integration of people, affecting
recognition, skills development and functionality as
individuals in society.

According to the International Classification of
Functioning, Disability and Health-CIF-, (Vazquez 2001) is a
generic term that includes shortfall, deficiencies or alterations
in body function or structure, activity limitations and
restrictions onparticipation. Indicates the negative aspects
of the relationship between an individual (with a health
condition) and contextual factors.

Are taken as a conceptual framework-the-CIF, to be
applicable to the care, health promotion and improved by allowing
participation and mitigate social obstacles and promote the
development of social media and enablers for subject's
participation.The functioning and disability of a person is
conceived as a "dynamic interaction between health conditions
(diseases, disorders, injuries, traumas, etc.) And contextual
factors. The contextual factors include both personal
factors such as environmental factors. The ICF includes a
comprehensive scheme of contextual factors as an essential
component of the classification. The basic construct of the
Environmental Factors consists of the facilitator or barrier
effect of the characteristics of the physical and social world.
"

Cognitive Disabilities

This type of disability includes not only those who have
mental retardation, but those who have, among others,
difficulties in performing global mental functions
(consciousness, energy, momentum), in specific functions (memory,
attention, calculation); in emotional functions (feelings
and emotions), in the functions of thought and cognition
(abstraction, organization, judgment), to acquire and apply
knowledge, people with difficulties to recognize and to meet
other people, objects or environment, difficult to navigate,
to be located in time and space, to provide care and / or
counseling skills, due all intellectual deficits.It refers to
people with severe or significant difficulties to meet and
assimilate information and learning elements, those with
difficulty recognizing the nature of the problems, analyze,
choose the best alternative, do it, check the result and make
adjustments or corrections of the activities.

Concept of Self-Determination

According to the revised texts, in recent years this
concept is part of the theoretical models and some psychosocial
rehabilitation programs, which focuses on patients cope with
symptoms, showing various strategies designed to recovery and
offering more opportunities to enjoy your free
time.

Thus, the self is understood as "the ability of the
individual to personal autonomy, control over their actions and
the environment in which it operates, and set goals and have
personal values ??in life.And that must be expressed with the
ability to choose and decide on different aspects of their daily
lives. "

Similarly, it is important to mention that exercise
self-determination is to act as an engine of their own
lives. There is so much you can do regarding itself a
person, if not with the fact that you own your life as part of
the community.

Being self-determined is different from full autonomy,
autonomous behavioral performance is a partial goal. It is
so important to what extent can live independently, if not how
are their lives themselves. Ask for help, take risks,
doubts, mistakes are situations allowed to "normal".Being
self-determined is to make choices and decisions.

The principle of Normalization

In order to allow through the experience of living in a
Foundation users perform as members of the surrounding community
and develop new relationships and experiences, it incorporates
the concept of standardization for the development of
rehabilitation program in Pueblo Weevil which allows them to
develop a personal daily rhythm with regard to getting up in the
morning, eating at regular times, have a schedule for the
development of duties and obligations within the village, leisure
time and bed time. In addition, this will lead to a normal
weekly routine which will give the opportunity to participate in
cultural activities or otherwise, depending on individual
interests.

The general idea is that children, youth and adults
participating in this experience, should be given access to
living conditions and daily routines as similar as possible to
those of ordinary citizens.

Moreover according, W. Wolfensberger:
Standardization is the use of culturally normative means (family,
valued techniques, tools, methods, etc..), To allow the living
conditions of a person (income, housing, health services, etc..)
Are at least as good as those of an average citizen, and
improve or support as much as possible their behavior (skills,
competencies, etc..), appearance (clothing, toiletries, etc..),
experience (adaptation, feelings, etc..), status
and reputation (labels, attitudes, etc.).

In other words, standardization means that the lives of
children and adolescents in Pueblo Weevil, should be the same as
that of any citizen as his rhythm, opportunities and
options. It implies, therefore, put at its disposal modes
and daily life conditions as similar as possible to the forms and
conditions of life of the rest of society.For example visits, go
visit friends at social gatherings such as lunches, birthdays,
visits to malls, stores to buy clothes, hairdressers, in general
everything that is an ideal standard.

ENABLEIt is the process through which people acquire new
skills, abilities and knowledge.To give two contents empowerment,
personal empowerment refers to training in general valimiento
self of the person (toiletries, clothing, food, communication,
security, etc.. And social empowerment refers to the appropriate
relationships of the person with the environment, their
performance in society.

Enabling includes "… a person, according to their own
possibilities, to participate in daily activities and help in
their personal development, with more opportunities to
participate in community activities.

That information and knowledge, the NNA and staff have a
good chance to support the person.The aim of the qualification is
to enable people with disabilities to live their lives as full
citizens.

Helps people with disabilities who face barriers in the
environment and thus may have greater opportunities to live a
quality life and greater opportunities to influence their own
lives. "

Quality of
life

Quality of life is a concept that refers to
the living conditions desired by a person in connection with
eight basic needs: emotional wellness, relationships, material
well-being, personal development, physical fitness,
self-determination, social inclusion and rights
(Schalock, 1996).In 2000, Professor Schalock Seattle
formally proposed in a consensus document on quality of life with
the following conceptual principles:

The quality of life of people with
intellectual disabilities consists of the same factors as for the
rest of the people.

The person with intellectual disabilities
experience a quality of life when their needs are met and when
they have opportunities to enrich your life in different aspects
and dimensions of the same (personal, work, social,
etc.)

Quality of life is a construct containing
objective and subjective components, the latter being essential,
because it is the subject who perceives the quality of life you
are experiencing. The quality of life is based on individual
needs, the ability to make choices and take control of their
lives

And finally, is a multidimensional concept
influenced by environmental and personal factors (intimate
relationships, family, friends, work, neighborhood, city of
residence, home, education, health, etc..)

Mental Health Rehabilitation Community Based
RSMC

Process that integrates and involves the analysis of
resources and community media, and the training of its
authorities and social partners to ensure their participation and
acceptance of joint responsibility with health services and
family socio-professional reintegration of people withmental
disorders within their community.

The purpose is to ensure disabled chelae can take full
advantage of their physical and mental faculties, benefit from
the opportunities and common services and reach full social
integration within the community and society.

Psychosocial Rehabilitation Model

The RP is intended to help individuals to enjoy their
full rights as expressed in the international legal standards and
national laws. Psychosocial Rehabilitation is a process that
provides the opportunity for individuals (who are disabled or
affected by a mental disorder) to achieve the highest level of
independent functioning in the community. It involves both
the improvement of individual competition and the introduction of
changes in the environment to achieve the best quality life
possible for those who have experienced a mental disorder or
suffering from a deteriorating mental capacity to produce some
level of disability . With this model, it aims to
provide the optimal level of functioning of individuals and
societies, and minimizing disabilities, enhancing individual
choices about how to live successfully in the
community.

The actors involved in the PR are also
varied: users, professionals, families, workshop, general
services, managers and administrators of community and
institutional community itself as a whole. Given this
complexity, the meaning varies RP provide the geographic,
cultural, economic, political, social and organizational of
frames from which to stand.It draws on a review of studies on
interventions and psychosocial rehabilitation treatment according
to Anthony, who raises a rehabilitation program should help the
person to increase their ability to function, so you can feel
satisfied and successful in the medium of your choice and
achieve skills development rather than reduction of symptoms in
themselves.So, you need to see the person in relation to their
environment and achieve ownership commitment and hope in all
phases of rehabilitation, helping people back into the community
and improve their psychosocial functioning so that they can stay
intheir social and family environment in standardized conditions
and independent as possible, for valuable social role
performance.This will take into account two main elements:•
The development of skills

• The development of resources in the medium or
environment

Teaching skills must occur IN the middle and everyone
should be individualized goals in terms of skills. The
teaching of skills must be designed on an assessment of what the
user needs today, knowing what to do in relation to a specific
situation in which they would like to happen (Cohen, Ridley and
Cohen, 1983).

Therapy Models

Working in mental health is long and deep, aimed at
restructuring (if not structure) the personality of a patient
suffering from a serious mental disorder that eteriora (affects
higher functions of the person) and extends in time. In this
regard it is essential to facilitate this process
deestructuración (or growth) the existence of a parental
role (paternalistic – maternalist similar to what is equally
essential in the model development and psychological growth of
the individual from birth to structuring your personality
necessary to complete the process of individuation-independence.
It is known that the consequences of the lack of such reference
or parental figure (lost or abandoned), in terms of serious
personality destructurations manifested in a significant mismatch
of the person with multiple repercussions on the life of
it.

A good parental role exerted by professionals involved
in the rehabilitation process, it is essential as a reference or
model, will facilitate a progressive structuring of the person,
boost growth, and as a result, the acquisition or retrieval
functions and capabilities not acquired or lost, designed to
achieve greater autonomy possible final goal of any
rehabilitation process.

Without that parental function as a reference for the
person, it is difficult, that any model and care interventions
can lead to the objective pursued. It is also true that you
can enact opposites models.On one side would be the application
of a process end patronage. Would enter another concept that
is authoritarianism, a response classically associated isolate
the problem. It is considered that it is only possible to
make protective care, both for the good of the grave, "unable" to
stand on its own, as in the present (as in earlier times), to
protect society a possible danger. The end result is
the institutionalization in various fields.

At the other extreme is the advocate to suppress and
deny the need for any parental role, even as a reference. It
is considered to be respected the decision of the people, in the
strict sense. Is autonomism end, the end result is applied
to people serious exclusion also occurs in different fields (the
homeless, prison, etc..). These people usually disappear
excluded healthcare network, and therefore clinical and
professional statistics, based on which calls for a particular
model.

At both ends we can say we are not doing restoration,
since not structure or recover anything (quite the contrary), we
could say that we are making a pseudorehabilitación or as
if.

In any case, the rehabilitation intervention models will
be based on two pillars:

• Professionals.

• Relief Services.

A level professionals are the key element
in the implementation of any intervention model:• The
ability to interact with the person and their family (whether
biological and / or artificial) as the interrelation is very
important in rehabilitation.

• Attitude: friendly, positive and
involvement.

• Motivation, in the sense of
believing in what you're doing and in their results. It is
common to hear the comment from mental health professionals, with
these patients that there is nothing to do.

• Training, rehabilitation is also
based on various intervention techniques that require a level of
knowledge and appropriate training.