Bibliografía: "MOTIVACIÓN"
– Editado por The Organization Development Institute
International, Latinamerica – 2005. Autor: Eric Gaynor
Butterfield – RODP
Existe una tendencia hacia "simplificar el estado de
las cosas" lo que muchas veces puede llegar a resultar
perjudicial, puesto que los fenómenos organizacionales
– que tienen que ver con el comportamiento
humano – son complejos. Recibimos feedback de algunos
lectores que nos agradecen que incluyamos una lista importante de
expertos en cada uno de los temas de Desarrollo
Organizacional, como es el caso de: Toma de
decisiones, Selección
y Reclutamiento,
Liderazgo,
entre otros, y ahora con Motivación.
También recibimos feedback de otros lectores que
nos hacen saber que los "artículos son largos" y que hay
demasiado material, y que están acostumbrados a lecturas
"más cortas" en los medios que les
interesa. Y que, por lo tanto, teniendo en cuenta la
extensión de nuestros artículos no los leen por
completo interrumpiendo su lectura.
Queremos compartir con usted estimado lector, que uno de
los principales objetivos de
estas Bibliografías, es la de participar el
enorme número de expertos notables en la materia que
han realizado muchas e importantes contribuciones, y que tienen
distintas perspectivas.
El enfoque situacional ha demostrado dentro de las
ciencias del
comportamiento que la relación causal desde el punto de
vista primario, donde es una la variable independiente que
influye sobre la variable dependiente, tiene poca vigencia dentro
del mundo real. Es aplicable a un escaso número de
situaciones; casi podríamos decir: "A una situación
límite".
Como nuestra experiencia en The Organization Development
Institute International, Latin America nos muestra que las
situaciones límites
son la excepción, queremos ofrecer el mayor número
posible de opciones a ustedes como lectores, sabiendo que con su
particular criterio han de saber qué es lo que han de
elegir para poner en acción.
Si nosotros eligiéramos lo que es importante para
Usted, no solamente estaríamos obrando con soberbia, sino
que también estaríamos asumiendo la poca
discrecionalidad del otro en cuanto a saber elegir y decidir.
Como filosóficamente nuestra posición se ubica en
que las personas somos libres y sabemos y tenemos el derecho de
decidir, nuestra contribución tiene que ver con ofrecer el
espectro más amplio, y dejar a ustedes la elección
preferida.
Nos sentimos muy orgullosos de poder ofrecer
una Bibliografía de
importantes contribuciones en el tema de Motivación que es vital para el éxito
de las organizaciones y
empresas. Se
incluyen algo más de 300 aportes en esta importante
temática, y para aquellos que prefieren que les demos "una
lista de los 10 trabajos más importantes" debemos
manifestarles que tenemos una mala noticia: incluso esta lista de
300 importantes aportes ES INCOMPLETA.
Posiblemente sean el Liderazgo y la
Motivación algunas de las principales variables que
permiten trascender más allá del crecimiento
individual o empresariado artesanal, para pasar al Desarrollo
Organizacional. En este caso nos estamos abocando exclusivamente
a la variable Motivación.
No existe duda alguna que la alta productividad y
performance organizacional que han exhibido las organizaciones de
Estados Unidos
de Norteamérica, Canadá y las de los países
desarrollados de Europa, han
estado
vinculadas a los distintos programas de
incentivos que
se implementaron en esas empresas. Pero más recientemente
otros países "al Este" como es el caso de Singapur,
China, Hong
Kong, Taiwán y también la India, han
venido introduciendo sistemas de
incentivos con lo que han logrado comenzar a amenazar las
ventajas competitivas que estaban disfrutando sus pares
occidentales.
Los distintos países latinoamericanos se han
embarcado en la implantación de ideologías
populistas donde han privilegiado la redistribución de los
ingresos por
encima de la creación de trabajos genuinos, recompensando
diferencialmente a las personas de acuerdo a sus distintos
niveles de contribución.
Muchas regulaciones gubernamentales se empeñan en
hacer aún más rígidas las regulaciones en
materia laboral, lo que
hace aún más dificultosa la labor del empresario
creador. Y, en su búsqueda de solucionar el problema
laboral muchos líderes no han advertido que nuevas
regulaciones más rígidas en las relaciones
contractuales de trabajo y una
mayor estabilidad laboral como así también un
sistema de
compensación fijo independiente de la producción individual, lo que hace es
desincentivar a quienes realmente son los motores del
crecimiento genuino: los empresarios. Y, por favor, le pedimos a
los lectores que de ninguna manera coloquen en el mismo grupo a los
contratistas del Estado (que trabajan bajo la filosofía de
un costo más
un plus posicionando a su empresa como
monopólica) de los que son realmente empresarios y que
crean trabajo genuino.
Las organizaciones norteamericanas llevan en este
sentido más de dos generaciones de ventaja respecto de sus
pares en Latinoamérica, y al parecer esta diferencia
no parece que pueda acortarse teniendo en cuenta el marco
institucional dentro de la cual se desenvuelven las
organizaciones y empresas. Esperamos con esta contribución
en cuanto a aportes de notables expertos en motivación
ilustrar el enorme cúmulo de material y de opciones que
están disponibles, para incentivar tanto a los
empresarios, como a la gerencia y a
los trabajadores, respecto del espíritu y la acción
que pueden desplegar en sus empresas para ser más
efectivos y eficientes.
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Con ésta Bibliografía – incompleta –
sobre MOTIVACIÓN se espera que los lectores estén
en mejores condiciones de crear, dirigir y gerenciar las
organizaciones y empresas dentro de sus distintas culturas,
haciendo de las mismas entes competitivos a nivel mundial que les
permita crear y generar trabajo genuino para sus
conciudadanos.
The Organization Development Institute International,
Latin America recibe todo tipo de sugerencias sobre este
material, esperando poder enriquecerlo en el tiempo a
través de las mejoras iniciadas por otros. Le quedamos
agradecidos por sus recomendaciones y propuestas al
respecto.
Muchas gracias por compartir.
Eric Gaynor Butterfield (RODP) –
Presidente
The Organization Development Institute International,
Latin America
Board Member of The Organization Development Institute
– Worldwide