Diversity of electrical systole cardiac

Enviado por Francisco Ramón Breijo Márquez

Partes: 1, 2

THREE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF
THREE BROTHERS
IN THE SAME FAMILY GROUP

ABSTRACT

The cardiac cycle is the term that encompasses the whole
of events related to blood flow that should happen from the
beginning of a heartbeat until the beginning of the next. The
frequency of a heart cycle is the heart rate. Each heartbeat
includes three main stages: atrial systole, ventricular systole
and diastole heart. The electrical systole cardiac comprises:
Atrial Systole or P wave; Ventricular Systole or QRS complex;
Ventricular Diastole or wave T; PQ interval; ST segment; QT
interval.

It is well established that the myocardium is more
unstable and more vulnerable when there are variations in the
duration of electrical systole.

These disturbances can cause serious arrhythmias and
even sudden cardiac death. BACKGROUND: The
electrocardiogram, invented in the early twentieth century by
Einthoven W. (1.906), far from being obsolete for diagnosing
diseases or disturbances of the heart, every day brings us more
and new pathways to uncover cardiac pathologies unknown until
recently. OBJECTIVE: Describe three different
electrocardiographic abnormalities in the electrical systole
cardiac. DESIGN: Case patients. PATIENTS: Three
patients with common factor of to be brothers. METHODS:
MEASUREMENTS. – Clinical and electrocardiographic data.
RESULTS: One brother with Short PQ and QTc interval. One
brother with Short PQ and Long QTc interval. One brother with
Long PQ and QTc interval. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be
vigilant in screening and monitoring for electrocardiographic
measurements in patients with symptoms cardiac.

INTRODUCTION

The mathematical possibilities that the heart has
altered its system specific of conduction are multiple. This
could be the case exposure: Three male’s brothers with
palpitations, nocturnal tachycardias, events of syncope and
familiar history of sudden cardiac death. A complete examination
of yours electrocardiogram shows a diversity of PQ interval
(atrial contraction), QRS complex (ventricular contraction) and
QT interval (total ventricular depolarization- repolarization) in
relation with data regarded as normal. In other words: Diversity
of electrical systole cardiac.

The electrocardiogram, invented in the early twentieth
century by Einthoven W. (1.906), far from being obsolete for
diagnosing diseases or disturbances of the heart, every day
brings us more and new pathways to uncover cardiac pathologies
unknown until recently. For example: It is less than 50 years ago that has
been discovered Long QT Syndrome and its variants (1.953); in
this century has been detected Short PQ Syndrome and its variants
(primarily Wolf-Parkinson-White’s and
Lown-Ganong-Levine‘s Syndrome) and the Short QT Syndrome
(2.000-2.003). We refer only to diseases or disturbances of the
heart's electrical system, which is the problem we are dealing
with in this exhibition.

EXPLANATION

Layouts electrocardiographic three brothers; belong to
the same family group. Consisting of five members: two sisters
without cardiac pathology and three brothers (exposed here) with
cardiac symptoms: sudden nocturnal tachycardias and events of
syncope in connection with the physical and emotional
effort.

These electrocardiographic patterns of the three
brothers remaining at the present time have not yet been
subjected to valuation to any medical editorial. The authors have
conducted a thorough review of the literature and have not found
any matching with patterns exposed (Medline; Pubmed; Scopus;
Scyrus).

CLINICAL
HISTORY

Three Brothers have, since three or four years, critical
periods of sudden nocturnal palpitations and tachycardias; also
have events of syncope in relation with physical and emotional
effort.

They are males, between 33 and 37-old years, singles,
and caucasians; Without previous cardiac pathology known. Brother
with Short PQ and Q-Tc interval has been most problematic (heart
arrest recovered in three occasions). The anamnesis and clinical
examination have been normal into intercritical
periods.

All brothers have been studied with complementary tests:
Holter 24 hours; Ergometry (Bruce’s Protocol);
Echocardiography (surface and trans esophageal ); Tilt Test; Analytical
study ( ionic profile and cardiac markets) have been normal. Only
a several hypolithemy (< 0.15 mEq/ Litre).

The electrophysiology studies (trans catheter) have not
make production of arrhythmias with stimulation with adenosine
and Isoprenaline.

FAMILIAR ANTECEDENTS

Two directs familiar with sudden deaths: father to the
55- old years dead for sudden cardiac death and one brother dead
to the 22-old months of sudden death of the infant. Mother and
two sisters have not cardiac symptoms-signs. Two brothers’
male dead for abort. Have a common feature in all members:
Hypolithemy with extremely low levels (<0.15 mEq /
Litre).

Common Feature

We are then: As common feature in the five family
members, comprises a basal hypolithemy extremely low levels
(<0.15 mEq / Litre). As common feature of the three
brothers:

1 st / Being male. 2 nd / Being in the fourth decade of
life. 3 rd / Presenting symptoms and signs in the area heart. 4
th / Being asymptomatic in intercritical periods.