He has written a letter to them lately.
(ji jas writen a leder tu dem leitli)
(él ha escrito una carta a ellos
ultimamente)
Para negar solo se usa "hasn´t" o "haven´t":
I haven´t worked in that factory for many years.
She hasn´t gone to her house recently.
He hasn´t written a letter to them lately.
Para preguntar:
Have I worked …?.
Has she gone…?.
Has he written…?.
Present perfect continuous (present perfect continius)
(presente perfecto continuo) = se usa para decir que una acción
empezó en un punto del pasado y todavía continua en
el presente.
pasado
presente
(empezó una
acción)
(y continua en el presente)
Construcción de una oración afirmativa:
Persona + have/has + been + acción en presente con
terminación en "ing" + información + palabra adicional.
Palabra adicional = today, all day, for, since, recently,
lately, this week, this month, this year, etc.
Ex:
He has been studying english for 2 years.
(ji jas bi..n studing inglish for tu yi..rs)
(el ha estado
estudiando inglés
por dos años)
They haven´t been working hard recently.
(dei javent bi..n working jard wricentli)
(ellos no han estado trabajando duro recientemente)
Have you been swimming since 5:00 am?.
(jav iu bi..n swiming sins faiv ei. Em.?)
(has tu estado nadando desde las cinco a. M.?)
Advanced 1 english practice, unit
7
"presente perfect and continuous"
Complete the following sentences as it is required in
parenthesis:
1) They _____________(han trabajado) in that company for
many years.
2) She _____________(no ha ido) to her house
recently.
3) He _____________(ha estado) studying english for 2
years.
4) They ____________(no han estado) working hard
recently.
50. Pasado
perfecto y pasado perfecto continuo
Past perfect (past perfect) (pasado perfecto) = se usa
para describir a una acción que ocurrió antes
de otra acción pasada.
pasado
*
presente
(acción que paso
antes)
(acción
pasada)
Construcción de la oración:
Persona + had + (acción en p. Participio) + inf. +
palabra adicional + una oración en pasado simple.
Palabras adicionales:
Before (bifor) (antes de, antes de que).
When (jwen) (cuando…).
Until (ontil) (hasta).
By the time (bai de taim) (por/en el momento, al tiempo
que).
Ex:
He had seen that movie twice before he came to this city.
(ji jad si..n dat movi tuais bifor ji keim tu dis citi)
(él había visto esa película dos veces antes
de que el viniera a esta ciudad)
He had told you that when you arrived.
(ji jad told iu dat jwen iu awraivd)
(él te había dicho eso cuando tu llegaste)
We had studied english before we went to u. S. A.
(ui jad studid inglis bifor ui went tu iu. Es. Ei.)
(nosotros habíamos estudiado inglés antes de que
fuéramos a u. S. A)
He hadn´t given you the papers before you came here.
(ji jadent given iu de peipers bifor iu keim jir)
(el te había dado los papeles antes de que vinieras
aquí)
Had we seen them before they saw us?.
(jad ui si..n dem befor dei sou os?)
(habíamos nosotros visto a ellos antes de que ellos nos
vieran?)
Past perfect continuous (past perfect continius) (pasado
perfecto continuo) = se usa para describir y recalcar la
continuación de una acción que ocurrió antes
de otra acción pasada.
pasado
presente
Acción que paso
antes.
la acción continua…
*
*
Construcción de la oración:
Persona + had been + acción en presente con
terminación en "ing" + palabra adicional + oración
en pasado simple.
Palabras adicionales = before, when, until, by the time.
Ex:
She had been studying french for 6 months when she decided to
study english.
(shi jad bi..n studing french for six monds jwen shi disaidid tu
studi inglish)
(ella había estado estudiando francés por seis
meses cuando ella decidió estudiar inglés)
You had been eating a lot before my mother arrived at the
kitchen.
(iu jad bi..n i..ting a lot bifor mai moder awraivd at de
kitchen)
(tu habías estado comiendo un monton antes de que mi madre
llegara a la cocina)
Advanced 1 english practice, unit
7
"past perfect and continuous"
Complete the sentences below as it is required in the
parenthesis:
1) We ___________(habíamos estudiado) english
before we went to u. S. A.
2) He ______________(no había dado) you the papers
before you came here.
3) You _____________(habías estado) eating a lot
before my mother arrived at the kitchen.
4) She ____________(no había estado) studying french
for 2 years
Question words and tag questions with present perfect and past
perfect (palabras interrogativas y preguntas de
confirmación con presente perfecto y pasado perfecto)
Preguntas interrogativas con presente
perfecto:
Ex:
I have worked in that company for many years because that was
what I wanted to do.
Who has worked in that company for many…?.
R = i have.
What have I done in that company for many…?
R = i have worked.
Where have I worked for many years because…?
R = in that company.
How long/how much time have I worked for many in that company
because…?
R = for many years.
Why have I worked in that company for many years?
R = because that was what i wanted to do.
Ex:
He has been studying english for 2 years.
Who has been studying english for 2 years?
R = he has.
What has he been doing for 2 years?
R = studying.
What has he been studying for 2 years?
R = english.
How long has he been studying english for?
R = for 2 years.
Preguntas interrogativas con pasado perfecto:
Ex:
He had seen the movie twice before she saw it.
Who had seen the movie twice before…?
R = he had.
What had he done twice before she saw it?
R = he had seen.
What had he seen twice before she saw it?
R = the movie.
How many times had he seen the movie before…?
R = twice.
Ex:
We had been studying maths before he did it.
Who had been studying maths
before…?
R = we had.
What had we been doing before…?
R = we had been studying.
What had we been studying before…?
R = maths.
51. Preguntas de confirmación con
presente perfecto
Ex:
( +
)
( – )
You have done
exercise.
Haven´t you?.
They have been watching t.
V.
Haven´t they?.
He has been
sick.
Hasn´t he?.
( –
)
( + )
She hasn´t been
sick.
Has she?.
It hasn´t been eating
food.
Has it?.
You haven´t done your
work.
Have you?.
Preguntas de confirmación con pasado perfecto:
Ex:
( +
)
( – )
She had been working a
lot.
Hadn´t she?.
They had done their
work.
Hadn´t they?.
( –
)
( + )
You hadn´t love
her.
Had you?.
They hadn´t been thinking on
that.
Had they?.
Advanced 1 english practice, unit
7
"tag questions with present and past
perfect"
Make the correct tag questions for the following
sentences:
1) she has loved me for many
years. _______________________
2) we haven´t sleep a lot!
______________________
3) she had been working a lot. ___________________
4) they had done their work well.
___________________
5) you hadn´t love her.
_______________
6) they hadn´t been thinking on
that. ___________________
52. Verbos
auxiliares o modales
Auxiliary verbs or modals
(auxiliawri verbs or modals)
(verbos auxiliares o modales)
The modals are: will and would; shall and should; can and
could; may and might; must and had to; ought to; and had
better.
Will and would:
"will" (wil) = expresa un plan futuro.
Ex:
I will be there at 7:00 pm o´clock.
"would" (wuld) = pone a una acción en
terminación "ría", y/o expresa una . . .
. . . Petición amable.
Ex: would you help me please?
(wuld iu jelp mi pli..s?)
(me ayudaría usted por favor?)
. . . Un deseo.
Ex: I would like to see her.
(ai wuld laik tu si jer)
(me gustaría verla)
. . . Un rechazo.
Ex:
she wouldn´t lend any money to me.
(shi wuldent lend eni moni tu mi)
(ella no me prestaría ningún dinero)
. . . Una buena voluntad.
Ex:
I would take the car to the mechanic but i am very tired.
(ai wuld teik de car tu de mecanic bot ai am vewri taird)
(yo llevaría el carro al mecánico pero estoy muy
cansado)
Shall and should:
"shall" (shal) = expresa una sugerencia con sentido
futuro.
Ex:
Shall I see you tomorrow? (shal ai si iu tumowrou?) (te vere
mañana?).
Nota: recuerde las reglas de los auxiliares:
4) Los auxiliares se escriben igual para todas las
personas.
Ex:
I will, you will, he will, she will, etc…
I would, he would, etc…
I shall, you shall, we shall, he shall, etc…
5) Primero se pone la persona, luego el
auxiliar y después la acción sin pluralizar (para
todas las personas).
Ex:
I can kiss
her.
He can do it.
She can kiss
her.
It can do it.
6) Después de un auxiliar, las acciones "be"
y "have" no cambian su forma ni se dividen como lo hacen
normalmente con las personas.
Ex:
I can be a good
student.
He can have a lot of money.
She will be with her
parents.
Shall he have a house too?.
It would be
fine.
She would have a good future.
"should" (shuld) (debería) = expresa
recomendación.
Con "I" y "we" = indica una responsabilidad personal.
Con "you", "they", "we", "he", "she" e "it" = indica
sugerencia.
Ex:
I should do my homework but I never have time.
(ai shuld du mai jomwork bot ai never jav taim)
(yo debería hacer mi tarea pero nunca tengo tiempo)
She should visit her grandmother but she doesn´t have
time.
(shi shuld visit jer grandmoder bot shi dosent jav taim)
(ella debería visitar a su abuela pero no tienen
tiempo)
We shouldn´t kill animals or plants.
(ui shuldent kil animals or plants)
(nosotros no beberíamos matar animales o
plantas)
Should I love everyone in the world?
(shuld ai lov evwri wuan in de world?)
(¿debería yo amar a cada uno en el mundo?)
Can and could:
"can" (can) (poder, pero de
habilidad) = you are able to do something.
"could" (culd) (podría, podía, pudiste, pudo) =
you were able to do something.
Ex:
She can do whatever she likes to.
(shi can du jwatever shi laiks tu)
(ella puede hacer lo que sea que ella quiera hacer)
He could speak english very well 3 years ago.
He couldn´t afford the car which he liked.
(ji culdent aford de car wich ji laikt)
(él no pudo pagar el carro que le gusto)
Can you speak louder than she does?
Could he do his work so well as she did it?
May and might:
"may" (mei) (poder) = expresa permiso para acciones presentes
y futuras, y una posibilidad en un 60% posible.
Ex:
When it is hot, you may open the windows.
May I dance with you?
It may rain this afternoon because the sky is cloudy.
You may not touch her.
"might" (maigt) (puede, podría, podrias) = expresa un
permiso que fue dado en algún punto del pasado, y una
posibilidad en un 20% posible.
Ex:
He said that he might open the windows.
It might snow in Veracruz this winter.
If you scold him, he might tell you the truth.
Must and had to:
"must" (most) (debe, debes, deben) = expresa . . .
1) Necesidad = have to.
Ex:
I must go now = I have to go now.
He must see them tomorrow.
She mustn´t smoke a lot.
Must they do what you want?.
Para expresar necesidad en pasado, se usa "had to".
Ex:
He told me that he had to tell you the truth.
2) Probabilidad o
una conclusión lógica.
Ex:
All the people are leaving, it must be time for them to do
it.
She isn´t here, so she must´t want to go with us.
She has gotten a new job, she must like it.
3) Una obligación moral.
Ex:
Sometimes people must believe in something to be happy in their
lives.
4) Una prohibición.
Ex:
The doctor told me I mustn´t smoke or drink alcohol.
Ought to and had better:
"ought to" (ougt tu) (debí, debiste, debiera, debieras)
= expresa una recomendación fuerte o una obligación
muy personal.
Ex:
I ought to write more often to my best friends.
She ought not to smoke a lot because she may die.
You ought not to make me get angry, it may be dangerous for
you.
I ought to have done my work when i could.
"had better" (jad beder) (seria mejor que, mas vale que) =
expresa un fuerte consejo o una advertencia.
Ex:
You had better do it as she says (sería mejor que
tú lo hicieras como ella dice).
You had better not to smoke in a gasoline station, it may burn
the station. (seria mejor que tu no fumes en una estación
de gasolina, puede encender la estación)
Nota: recuerde que existe "there be" (hay), en este
caso, el auxiliar o modal se coloca en medio de "there" y
"be".
Ex:
There will be another chance (habrá otra oportunidad).
There would be 2 persons in that place the other day.
(habría dos personas en ese lugar el otro día)
There must be many good lessons in this course.
(debe haber muchas buenas lecciones en este curso)
There may be lots of difficult questions in the exam.
(puede haber montones de preguntas difíciles en el
examen)
Advanced 1 english practice, unit
7
"auxiliary verbs or modals"
Guess what auxiliary verb fits in the blanks:
1) i ________ be there at 7:00 pm o´clock.
2) __________ you help me please?
3) she _________n´t lend any money to me.
4) i _________ take the car to the mechanic but i am very
tired.
5) we ___________ do our homework but i never have time.
6) she ___________ visit her grandmother but she doesn´t
have time.
7) he __________ speak english very well 3 years ago.
8) we __________n´t afford the car which he liked.
9) ________ you speak louder than she does?
10) _________ he do his work so well as she did it?
11) it ________ rain this afternoon because the sky is
cloudy.
12) he said that he _________ open the windows.
13) it _________ snow in Veracruz this winter.
14) he told me that he __________ tell you the truth.
15) she isn´t here, so she _______n´t want to go with
us.
16) she has gotten a new job, she ________ like it.
17) the doctor told me I ______n´t smoke or drink
alcohol.
18) you _________ not to make me get angry, it _____ be dangerous
for you.
19) there _______ be another chance.
20) there ___________ be 2 persons in that place the other
day.
53. El uso de already y yet
The use of already and yet
(de ius ov olwredi and yet)
(el uso de already y yet)
"already" (olwredi) (ya) = se usa en oraciones positivas e
interrogativas para expresar que una acción ya ha ocurrido
o que ya se lleva o llevo a cabo.
Ex:
It is already noon and they haven´t come.
I have already eaten.
Has the class already begun?.
I already did what you asked me to.
"yet" (yet) (todavía, aun) = se usa en oraciones
negativas e interrogativas para expresar que una acción
todavía no ha ocurrido o aun no ha pasado. En
algunas ocasiones se usa en fases afirmativas, con significado de
"aun o todavía".
Ex:
There are lots of things that you have yet to experience.
Have the classes begun yet?. R = no, not
yet.
They arenot here yet.
He hasn´t eaten yet.
Have you already done your work?.
R = yes, I already have done it. Or r = no, i haven´t
done it yet.
Advanced 1 english practice, unit
7
"already and yet"
Complete these sentences:
1) has the class __________ begun?.
2) i ___________ did what you asked me to.
3) they arenot here _______.
4) he hasn´t eaten _________.
5) there are lots of things that you have ________ to
experience.
54.
Discurso
directo e indirecto
Direct and indirect speech
(direct and indirect spi..ch)
(discurso directo e indirecto)
"direct speech" = el discurso directo se usa para expresar
algo directamente, es lo que una persona dice o nos dice
directamente.
Ex:
I am tired.
I am going to Cancún this weekend.
"simple indirect speech" = el discurso indirecto simple es un
reporte simple que damos o que nos dan de lo que una persona
dijo.
Ex:
You) John said "I am tired".
Mary) the other day you told me "I donot like going to my house"
and now you are going.
"complete indirect speech" = el discurso o reporte indirecto
completo se usa para comunicarle a una persona lo que otra
persona dijo.
Ex:
John) I am tired. = frase directa.
You tell another person) John said he was tired!. = frase o
reporte indirecto.
Rules:
1) Si en una frase directa se usa la acción "to
be", entonces en el reporte indirecto se usa el pasado de "to be"
(was, were).
Ex:
Be —— was / were.
To be going to ——- was / were going to.
Frase directa: I am tired.
Frase indirecta: he said that he was tired.
She is going to travel to Acapulco.
- She said that she was going to travel to Acapulco.
2) Si en la frase directas se usa:
—-
entonces en las frases indirectas se usa:
Can
—-
could.
May
—-
might.
Will
—-
would.
Simple
present
—-
simple past.
simple
past
Present
perfect
past perfect.
past perfect
Ex:
Frase directa) I can do that.
Frase indirecta) he said that he could do that.
I will kiss her.
- He said that he would kiss her.
I may ask her.
- He said that he might ask her.
I always do it.
- He said that he always did it.
She has always good ideas.
- He said that she always had good ideas.
I already did my homework.
- He said that he alredy had done his homework.
I have done plenty of exercise recently.
- She said that she had done plenty of exercise
recently.
I had seen that face.
- She said that she had seen that face.
3) Si queremos decir a una persona lo que otra persona
pregunto, usamos "asked + la palabra interrogativa
correspondiente", y luego aplicamos la regla 1 y 2:
Ex:
Frase directa) where did you go last night?.
Frase indirecta) he asked where you had gone last night.
Where have you been?
- She asked where you had been.
What are you doing?
- He asked what you were doing.
4) Si no se utiliza una palabra interrogativa en la
pregunta, entonces solo usamos "asked + if", y luego
lógicamente la regla 1 y 2:
Ex:
Do you know her?
- He asked if you knew her.
Did you go to the cinema?
- He asked if you had gone to the cinema.
Have you finished your work?.
- He asked if you had finished your work.
Had you been sick?.
- He asked if you had been sick.
Advanced 1 english practice, unit
7
"indirect speech"
Make the appropiate indirect speech of each one of the
following sentences:
1) I will kiss
her.
_____________________________
2) I may ask
her.
_____________________________
3) I always do
it.
____________________________
4) she has always good
ideas.
__________________________________
5) I already did my
homework.
__________________________________
6) I have done plenty of exercise
recently.
_______________________________
7) I had seen that face.
_________________________________
8) where have you been?
__________________________________
9) what are you doing?
____________________________________
10) do you know her?
_____________________________________
11) did you go to the cinema?
_________________________________
12) have you finished your work?.
_______________________________
13) had you been sick?.
____________________________
55. Modales en
pasado
Modals in past
(modals in past)
(modales en pasado)
Para expresar el pasado con los modales o verbos auxiliares,
se usa…
Modal + have + una acción en pasado participio.
Ex:
She could have gone to the party yesterday.
(shi culd jav gon tu de parti yesterdei)
(ella pudo haber ido a la fiesta ayer)
I will have had 2 years working here next sunday.
(ai wil jav jad tu yi..rs working ji..r next sondei)
(yo abre tenido 2 años trabajando aquí el
próximo domingo)
I would have participated in that conference.
(ai wuld jav participeitid in dat conferens)
(yo habría participado en esa conferencia)
I would have been able to do it too.
(ai wuld jav bi..n eibl tu du it tu..)
(yo habría podido hacerlo también)
You might have won the lottery with that ticket!.
(iu maigt jav won de lotewri wid dat tiket)
(yo podría haber ganado la lotería con ese
boleto)
They should have seen the doctor last month.
(dei shuld jav si..n de doctor last mond)
(ellos deberían haber visto el doctor el mes pasado)
You should have done what I told you.
We might have talked to them, but I don´t remember.
You must have believed on god when you saw it.
He ought to have had one gun for his self defence when the
robber tried to steal his house.
Advanced 1 english practice, unit 7
"modals in past"
Complete these sentences according to the word in
parenthesis:
1) I ___________________________(habría podido) to do
it too.
2) you _____________________(pudiste haber ganado) the lottery
with that ticket!.
3) they ___________________ (deberían haber visto) the
doctor last month.
4) we _____________________(pudimos haber hablado) to them, but I
don´t remember.
5) you already ___________________(debes haber
creído) on god, after having found him inside
you.
The use of "too, so, either, and neither"
(de ius ov "tu.., Sou, ider, and nider")
(el uso de "too, so, either, y neither")
"too" y "so" (también) = se usan para expresar 2
acciones idénticas, y se usan en frases afirmativas;
tienen el mismo significado, pero su orden en una oración
es diferente.
Ex:
She is hungry (ella esta
hambrienta).
I am too (yo estoy
también).
So am I (también lo estoy yo).
Note que dependiendo de tiempo gramatical y/o verbo auxiliar
que se usen en la primera oración, de eso dependerá
la construcción de las demás fases que
llevan "too y so":
Ex:
I can do it (él puede
hacerlo).
He can too (él puede
también).
So can he (así puede él, también puede
él).
He likes to drink (a él le gusta
beber).
I do too (yo lo hago
también).
So do I (así lo hace él, también lo hago
yo).
He went to the cinema (él fue a el cine).
I did too (yo lo hice también).
So did I (también lo hice yo).
She will go there (ella ira
allá).
He will do it too = he will too (él lo hará
también).
So will he (también lo hará él).
I have been
studying.
She has
too.
So has she.
You should come with us. They should
too. So should
they.
We could see
it.
He could
too.
So could he.
"either y neither" (tampoco) = se usan en frases negativas y
expresan dos acciones idénticas; también tienen el
mismo significado pero su orden en la oración es
diferente.
Ex:
He isnot happy (el no es feliz).
I am not either (yo no soy tampoco).
Neither am I (tampoco lo soy yo).
I donot like
rats.
She doesn´t
either.
Neither does she.
We won´t go
there. He
won´t
either.
Neither will he.
I can´t help
him.
They can´t
either.
Neither can they.
She hasn´t bought
it. You haven´t
either. Neither have you.
Advanced 1 english practice, unit
7
"too, so, either, and neither"
Use what you have learned in this subject with these
sentences, use the person you prefer to build those new 2
sentences.
Ex:
She is
hungry.
___I am
too._____
__so am i___
1) I can do
it.
_________________
___________________
2) he likes to drink.
__________________
______________________
3) he went to the cinema.
__________________
_____________________
4) she will go there.
___________________
____________________
5) I have been
studying.
___________________
_____________________
6) you should come with us.
__________________
______________________
7) we could see it.
___________________
______________________
8) he isnot happy.
_________________
___________________
9) I donot like rats.
_________________
____________________
10) we won´t go there.
_________________
____________________
11) I can´t help
him.
_________________
____________________
12) she hasn´t bought it.
_________________
___________________
56. Voz activa y voz
pasiva
Active voice and passive voice
(activ vois and pasiv vois)
(voz activa y voz pasiva)
Voz
activa = es cuando una persona realiza una acción
directamente, o cuando la acción cae directamente sobre
tal persona.
Ex:
He visits the park every day.
We sing a song.
Voz pasiva = es cuando una persona recibe la acción o
la acción recae indirectamente en la persona.
Para construir la voz pasiva = (to be + acción en
pasado. P.)
Example with simple present:
Voz activa) the hunter chases the tiger.
Voz pasiva) the tiger is chased by him.
With present progressive:
Activa) he is chasing the tiger.
Pasiva) the tiger is being chased by him.
With simple past:
A) He chased the tiger.
P) the tiger was chased by him.
With past progressive:
A) He was chasing the tiger.
P) the tiger was being chased by him.
With simple future:
A) He will chase the tiger.
P) the tiger will be chased by him.
With idiomatic future:
A) He is going to chase the tiger.
P) the tiger is going to be chased by him.
With modals or auxiliary verbs:
A) I should study french.
P) french should be studied by me.
A) I must do my duties.
P) duties must be done by me.
With present perfect:
A) He has chased the tiger.
P) the tiger has been chased by him.
With past perfect:
A) He had chased the tiger.
P) the tiger had been chased by him.
Advanced 1 english practice, unit
7
"passive voice"
The active voice sentence is given to you, you have to make a
passive voice sentence from each one of them:
1) the hunter chases the tiger.
______________________________
2) he is chasing the tiger.
__________________________
3) he chased the tiger.
_________________________
4) he was chasing the tiger.
________________________
5) He will chase the tiger.
______________________
6) He is going to chase the tiger.
_______________________
7) I should study french.
_______________________
8) I must do my duties.
______________________
9) He has chased the tiger.
_______________________
10) He had chased the
tiger.
________________________
57. The use of "would rather",
"would prefer" and "would mind".
"would rather" and "would prefer" (wuld wrader and wuld
prefer) = las dos frases significan "preferirían", pero su
usan de forma diferente en una oración.
Ex:
I would rather go to the cinema than go to dance.
I would prefer going to the cinema than going to dance.
"would mind" (wuld maind) (importaría?) = se usa de
forma directa e indirecta para preguntar si a alguien no le
importaría o molestaría que realizáramos una
acción.
Ex:
Forma directa:
You said) would you mind
doing exercise after eating?
(¿le importaría hacer ejercicio después de
comer?)
Another person told you) yes, I would mind (si, me
importaría) = I canot do it.
Or the same person told you) no, I wouldn´t mind (no, no me
importaría) = I can do it.
Forma indirecta:
You said) would you
mind if I went to the bathroom?
(¿le importaría si yo fuera al baño?)
Another person told you) yes, I would mind (si, me
importaría) = you canot do it.
Or the same person told you) no, wouldn´t mind (no, no me
importaría) = you can do it.
58. Los condicionales y el uso de
"unless"
The conditionals and the use of
"unless".
(de condishionals and
de ius ov "onles")
(los condicionales y el uso de
"unless")
Condicionales = son condiciones o suposiciones que se hacen en
diferentes momentos del tiempo (desde el presente).
Las suposiciones son 3:
Past unreal (past onwril) (pasado irreal).
Present unreal (present onwril) (presente irreal).
Y future real (fiutur wril) (futuro real).
Past
unreal.
Present
unreal.
Future real.
*
*
*
Future real = son suposiciones o situaciones imaginarias
pensadas con proyección hacia el futuro que pueden o no
llegar a ser reales (por supuesto que estando en el
presente).
Construcción de la oración:
If + oración en presente simple + inf., Person + modal
+ acción en presente + inf.
Los modales que se pueden usar en este tiempo son: can, may,
will, must, have to, should y ought to.
Ex:
If it rains, I will take my umbrella with me.
(si llueve, yo llevare mi paraguas conmigo)
If you feel sick, you should go to the doctor.
(si tu te sientes enfermo, deberías ir a el doctor)
There will be a lot of food if you buy enough for all.
(habrá un monton de comida si tu compras
suficiente para todos)
You will always be on time, if you buy a wrist watch.
If you know how to operate a personal computer, you can get a job
very fast.
If i am a little late, can you wait for me?.
If she doesn´t come today, may I call her?.
If you donot have any time, are you going with us?.
If we arrive late, they won´t wait for us.
Present unreal = son suposiciones hechas en el presente, es
decir, es una situación imaginaria o irreal que nos
gustaría que sucediera en el presente.
Construcción de la oración:
would
If + oración en pasado simple, person
+ might +
acción en presente (forma simple) +
inf.
could
Nota: si quiere utilizar la acción "to be" en este
tiempo, siempre se usara "were" para todas las personas.
Ex:
If i were rich now, I might buy a new car.
(si yo fuera rico ahora, podría comprarme un carro
nuevo)
If i had a lot of money, I would go to europe.
(si yo tuviera un monton de dinero, iría a Europa)
If it weren´t raining, I might work in the garden.
(si no estuviera lloviendo, podría trabajar en el
jardín)
If he had another tichet, you could go too.
(si él tuviera otro boleto, tu podrias ir
también)
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