The Philosophy of the American dream

Introduction

The term "American Dream" is used in a
number of ways, but essentially the American Dream is an idea
which suggests that all people can succeed through hard work, and
that all people have the potential to live happy, successful
lives. Many people have expanded upon or refined the definition
of the American Dream, and this concept has also been subject to
a fair amount of criticism. Many people believe that the
structure of American society belies the idealistic goal of the
American Dream, pointing to examples of inequality rooted in
class, race, and ethnic origin which suggest that the American
Dream is not attainable for all.

The idea of an American Dream is older than the United
States, dating back to the 1600s, when people began to come up
with all sorts of hopes and aspirations for the new and largely
unexplored continent. Many of these dreams focused on owning land
and establishing prosperous businesses which would theoretically
generate happiness, and some people also incorporated ideals of
religious freedom into their American Dreams. During
the Great Depression, several people wrote about an American
Dream, codifying the concept and entrenching it in American
society.

For people who believe in the American dream, anything
is attainable through hard work. The concept plays on the idea
that American is a classless society, although it is obviously
not, as any honest examination of the United States will reveal.
The idealistic vision of the American Dream also assumes that
people are not discriminated against on the basis of race,
religion, gender, and national origin, another thing which is
unfortunately not true in the United States.

Critics of the American dream also point out that many
versions of the dream equate prosperity with happiness, and that
happiness may not always be that simple. These critics suggest
that the American Dream may always remain tantalizingly out of
reach for some Americans, making it more like a cruel joke than a
genuine dream.

People with a more skeptical view of the American Dream
sometimes say that the American Dream represents the possibility
of living better than your parents did, and a desire among
parents for their children to lead happy lives. This is
especially true in the immigrant community, as many immigrants
have come from extremely difficult circumstances.

Some one who manages to achieve his or her version of
the American Dream may be said to be "living the dream," and
everyone has a unique interpretation of what the American Dream
might be. Fundamentally, the American Dream is about hope and the
potential for change, and one could argue that people who enact
change in some way, even a small way, are living the
dream.

Variety of
Anonymous opinions

The american dream is subjective.
Let´s not forget what the latter half of the phrase
is.

I have enjoyed reading the article and the comments.
There have been proponents of both sides of the debate and i love
this rapport. I don't usually do the "post my opinion" thing, but
i have been inspired by a few things i have read.

First, i would like to speak to the students using this
as a resource for a paper on the american dream. Yes, the ideas
are great, but on such a subject i would search myself for what
the dream means. Ideas and opinions are great, but it is your
interpretation that makes it the dream. Easy paper? Ok, it has to
be five pages or something. I'd say my dream is to have a single
paragraph count as five pages, then debate it (extensively) with
the teacher until they cave. A lot of my teachers hated me, but
in the best way possible.

Second, this one is to number 9. This is not intended to
be a personal attack, but i feel that somehow it will come across
as such. The person who taught this in school is extremely
cynical. However, that viewpoint does apply to all greedy people.
Not all are so greedy, you just don't notice them for their lack
of whining about everything. I once learned in school that the
u.s. won the vietnam war. Just in case you learned that too, we
lost.

For my last trick, i will attempt to explain what the
american dream means to me. At the core, the idea is about
progression, the idea that things will get better. If i am lying
to myself, it beats being lied to by someone else.

Seriously, it means being kind, decent, and respectful
of others no matter what the cost. I'm not talking about being a
doormat either. Its about supporting your neighbors and helping
someone in need if you can. Helping someone can be as simple as
having a two-minute conversation with a complete stranger and
just asking them how they are today. This is only one of many
ways to show you care about others. I do my best to live up to
it, but invariably fall short at times. But life isn't about how
many times you fail, it's about the successes! One man made me
realize that idea. His name was Thomas Edison. Inventor of the
light bulb, something within plain view of all who read this. He
failed so many times trying to make it work over many years, but
when he had success with it, well, the rest is history. He is not
remembered as the guy who wasted years of his life failing at
something; he is remembered as the man who invented the
incandescent bulb. We should all hope to leave such a mark on
humanity.

I didn't really mean for this to be so long but look
what happened. Oh well. Cheers, everyone!

I feel that the "American Dream" of
yesterday is no longer the "American Dream" of today.

Once, to live the "American Dream" meant that if you
worked hard you could (and would) live a successful life. This
meant you could support yourself (and your family) and you also
felt fulfilled on an individual level. Nowadays, I feel that is
no longer the case. There are many people who work hard and still
barely get by. They also may be so busy struggling to support
their loved ones that they have no real time to focus on their
own wants and needs.

It seems to me that now the "American Dream" has become
a rather materialistic one in which individuals seek to barely
work, but possess many things. I blame it on consumerism and our
new obsession with having things complete us.

I do believe the American Dream is
possible, just that people nowadays forgot that America was not
built in one day, neither in a year. That same frame of thinking
applies to the American Dream. For some it may take decades, for
others, it may easily become true in a year, and yet, we all are
responsible for making it come true for every American
citizen.

Hard work actually means a lot of things like working
smart, working better, working safer and working much much more
productive each way, and yet, not everybody can make it the whole
way. We should never forget we are humans and we get sick, and
that may compromise the American Dream even more, and yet I think
it doesn't compromise it at all.

The catch is the organization. The more organized we all
Americans become the closer we will be to reach out for the
American Dream.

Once we achieve it, what is next?

I believe it would be to perfect it and to enjoy the
fruits coming out of it, for our quota would be done, and next
generations will be enhanced and allow newer and better
solutions, as long as humanity does not lose the track and does
not become egocentric and too greedy to know what is valuable and
what is a tool.

To me, money is a tool, I may not be rich, and yet, If i
work hard and If I have my bills paid, I may be happy enough to
tell I'am satisfied. For some others, it may be a miserable view
and a miserable perspective. It is relative to everyone's
ambitions! –AC S.

No society can have one hundred percent of
liberty, equality, fairness, happiness etc available to all its
citizens at all time. But United States, thanks to our wise
founding fathers comes pretty close to it.

Perfection is just not humanly possible. Since we all
have failings, we will undoubtedly do imperfect things. The task
for all of us is to strive to be better, to work toward, and to
uplift what is the best and highest in ourselves. And to that
end, United States offers to all of us this opportunity. It is
one of the best countries the world has ever known. People from
all over the world come, and many more would give anything for
the opportunity to come and live in the United States.

To me the American Dream is the liberty offered to its
citizens; the freedom to attend school, to start a business, to
work, to pray if you want to, and not how many things I own.
Material possessions, albeit nice, are not what life and
happiness are all about. As a matter of fact happiness is not
directly proportional to material possessions. Happiness comes
from appreciating and being grateful for what we do
have.

The dying American Dream

By Stephen StoneThe "American
Dream" is one of the most commonly misunderstood ideals in
American culture. The term is used loosely to mean just about
anything from the acquisition of wealth, to home ownership, to
moral license, to success in court against McDonald's–all
without appreciation for the original significance of the
Dream.Because the American Dream is largely misunderstood, as
well as taken for granted, it is in danger of disappearing
altogether.A case can be made, in fact, that the Dream no longer
truly exists, but has been replaced by
a rationing system that we call formal
education–overseen, operated, and funded
by government.

Government-metered
opportunityInitially heralded as the gateway to
opportunity, our nation's education system has become
the gatekeeper of opportunity. Unless we have passed
through that system, we are denied access to a whole world of
advantage and opportunity, no matter our actual knowledge, skill,
or work ethic. That is especially true of the best opportunities
and jobs–nearly all of which require an advanced diploma
certifying not necessarily competence, but conformity to cultural
and institutional norms.Such a system of "meritocracy" is
aggressively promoted by those who have a vested interest in it,
in other words those who run it, who argue persuasively that we
need our monopolistic education system to preserve and strengthen
our republic. I see the truth, however, as the opposite. In my
estimation, there is nothing that more effectively threatens the
future our country–and that therefore diminishes and perverts
the American Dream–than our intellectually and morally corrupt
system of schooling, at all levels.The fruit of this system is a
watered-down facsimile of the American Dream throughout U.S.
society, not the real thing.To test the truth of this assessment,
consider that if the American Dream were still truly alive today,
none of us would ever need to do anything in order to "qualify"
for an opportunity, other than develop genuine competence and
knowledge, or display compelling interest–things any industrious
person can gain largely on his own in today's world of easily
accessible information, communication, and practical experience.
The fact is, many kinds of knowledge and experience are withheld
from all but a carefully screened elite who have worked their way
up our educational system–who, in the parlance of schooling,
have learned to "play the game."Hence the words of one critic who
said that our universities are engaged primarily in the business
of "marketing social status."Unfortunately, the problem is far
worse than many of us imagine. Consider with me, if you will,
what has happened to the Dream.

A definitionSocrates said, in
essence, that all learning is defining. Learning
involves putting words–precise words–to old ideas, in search of
truth.Any discussion of the "American Dream," therefore, must
begin with its clear definition. To accurately construct this
definition, we need to go no further than the Declaration of
Independence, the inspiration for America's national ideals.After
affirming that all legitimate human rights are God-given, the
Declaration declares that "among these [rights] are life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Such ideals, of course,
are hollow without the freedom to pursue and apply them. Any
meaningful definition of the American Dream, therefore,must
center in the reasonable freedom actually to seek these three
cherished ends–the pursuit of happiness, the exercise of
liberty, and the sustaining (and protecting) of life. That is
clearly the basis of the original American Dream.In a word, the
American Dream–if it has any meaning at all–is the freedom to
choose exactly how we will undertake anything we wish to do in
this life, provided that in doing so we respect the rights of all
others to do the same thing.

Freedom and opportunityUltimately,
the Dream is personal freedom, and that freedom exists
only to the extent that we have actual opportunity. If
we claim the freedom to choose our own employment, let's say, but
are incarcerated in a prison, or otherwise are forced to live as
a slave to anybody, to any government, or to any institution, our
claim of "vocational freedom" is empty. Like many slaves (note
that there are thousands of forms of slavery in which the slaves
are unaware of their lot, or have simply accepted it), we may
think we have vocational freedom simply because we are able to
survive or succeed by complying withothers' demands. But
that is still slavery (and self-deception)–not true freedom of
choice in vocational affairs.Before going further, it is
important to stress that the American Dream is not limited to
"material success"–nor does it mean "getting rich." It is the
freedom to TRY to live as we ourselves choose to live
in all dimensions of life–material, spiritual, vocational,
educational–in harmony with the divine laws of the Creator who
gave us life and endowed us with natural rights. As long as we
are law-abiding, as long as we are as concerned with the welfare
and happiness of others as our own, we have every right to live
exactly as we please–as we seek to follow the will of God in our
individual lives.That is the American Dream–inspired by the
Declaration, and protected by the Constitution.

The measure of the dreamThere is an
additional dimension to the above definition of the Dream that
needs mentioning before we can consider how well the Dream has
survived. That dimension is the fact that the Dream exists only
to the extent that it existsequally for all. If "all men are
created equal," as the Declaration states, then all of us have an
equal claim to whatever opportunities exist for any of us. The
issue of equal opportunity (not "equal entitlements,"
"equal guarantees," or "equal outcomes," incidentally) is
therefore central to the American Dream.America was founded on
the premise that we all have an equal right to pursue the same
opportunities without unjust exclusion, interference,
discrimination, or impediment–in harmony with the principle of
freedom, and its expression in human creativity, ingenuity, and
initiative. Our nation's initial greatness was the direct result
of the fact that this ideal existed in broad strokes across our
young nation, notwithstanding inevitable contradictions and
inequities, including the fact that the American Dream was
withheld from a whole class of Americans who were black. Even
that anomaly in our history was ultimately forced to yield to the
compelling principles found in our Declaration with which it was
plainly out of harmony.America became great in all areas of
invention, science, letters, industry, arts, religion, and
culture precisely because the American Dream made all such
progress possible.Today, however, America is in serious decline
in these very areas–despite the mercy of God that keeps us
afloat as a nation and our own fierce resilience as a
people–because the Dream no longer exists on a universal scale
in American society. Some semblance of it still exists, of
course, and some of us today still have access to many wonderful
opportunities–but the Dream itself has diminished to the point
of near extinction, and where itappears to exist, that
existence is largely an illusion, because the dream is not
equally available to all.The purpose of our constitutional
republicThe theory of government on which our nation was founded
is the notion that society as a whole is required, in principle,
to yield to the divine rights of every person in that society.
Consequently, the Constitution was created to protect the rights
of the individual (or the minority) from tyranny by the
collective or the majority.It follows that the purpose of the
Constitution is to guarantee to each individual the right to
pursue the American Dream.Unfortunately, as our Constitution has
been increasingly gutted by revisionist judicial activism in our
courts and by the self-serving agendas of special interests over
the past century and a half, so has the Dream that the
Constitution was meant to protect diminished. Any way we want to
analyze the situation, all such inroads into constitutional
guarantees amount to substantial destruction of the American
Dream.Consider the right of property, for instance, which is
essential to the sustaining of life, the exercise of liberty, and
the pursuit of happiness.The Fifth Amendment plainly states that
whenever government "takes" private property for public use–such
as for public roads, or for public health and safety (by way of
modern "zoning")–the government must pay "just compensation" to
the owner. Yet, for roughly a century, a tradition has developed
in the courts that has allowed local agencies and commissions
toregulate virtually out of existence many citizens' right
to use their property.

Thankfully, the Rehnquist Court issued a
number of rulings that have helped to stem the tide of such
oppression (see the Pacific Legal Foundation's website)–but
the oppression is still alive and well across the breadth of our
nation, nonetheless. And with that wide, deeply-entrenched
tradition of land-use oppression has come a profound weakening of
the American Dream for nearly all of us.If we don't realize that,
it is because we've never tried to develop a piece of property,
or add on a room, or operate certain kinds of businesses from our
home.Bear in mind, as well, that the layers of bureaucracy that
hinder normal land use add considerably not only to the
escalating cost of housing, but to the cost of all goods and
services produced by business or industry–so that all of us
literally pay the price of oppressive land-use controls, as
consumers. Such artificial meddling with the economy robs all of
us of much-needed opportunity on a scale that is colossal–make
no mistake.Again, one overriding purpose of our Constitution is
to protect our right to do creative, innocuous, industrious
things with our property without undue interference from others
or from government. What we find today, unfortunately, is
government and special interests preventing us from living the
American Dream on our land, in our homes, and with our private
property. The result is not just loss of personal liberty or the
right to pursue our individual happiness, but the corruption of
our nation and severe loss of our nation's productivity.Nothing
hampers our nation's economy more than oppressive, unreasonable,
unconstitutional land-use laws. The environmental movement
knows this full well and uses such laws to hold countless
industrious Americans hostage.Consider, further, that the basis
of socialism is collective or governmental control of land.
Allowing people the illusion of land ownership, while taking away
their right to use their land as they reasonably choose, is
socialistic and destructive to the American Dream.With that
basis, let's see how the American Dream is faring in the
influential area of education.

EducationAs this essay
asserted at the beginning, the original American Dream has
largely been supplanted by government-sponsored "education."
Nearly all Americans consider this a good thing–since education
is hypothetically "free" for all (a myth from the system's
inception, for from the outset the means of providing such free
schooling was loss of the right of property), and thus, it is
argued, opportunity itself becomes equally free (another
myth–ask any English graduate now driving a deliver truck).The
problem with this idyllic vision is that it diminishes–not
enhances–freedom. By letting the government educate us (all the
way through medical school), we haven't gained freedom–or
opportunity–at all. We've lost it, for such loss is inevitable
any time we turn to government to take care of us in any manner
or degree.The simple fact that this comprehensive education
system of ours is run by the government from top to
bottom (with only nominal competition from the private
sector–which itself must imitate the public system to survive)
should be sufficient warning that it can't be all good. In fact,
it's nearly all bad–when truly understood.In his 1968
book The American University, Jacques Barzun, then
Provost of Columbia University, argues persuasively that higher
education has become "preposterous"–offering virtually nothing
of real value to college graduates except prestige–and he
proposes that the solution is to "issue everybody a Ph.D. at
birth and let them compete on their merits."He makes a sound case
for returning education to its self-evident roots: self-effort,
self-instruction, self-education. Anyone who understands
education realizes that no one can "educate" another. If we ever
learn anything of value, it is because we taught
ourselves from all the resources available to us. In today's
"information age," in which learning resources are more plentiful
than ever, this reality makes formal schooling particularly
obsolete.But such obsolescence is not a new phenomenon forced on
us by computers. Throughout history, the truly motivated have
needed no "teacher," other than the normal resources all around
them. The story is told of a man who came to Socrates and asked
for wisdom. Socrates took him to the ocean and held his head
under water until the man nearly drowned. When the man fought his
way to the surface, he demanded to know the reason for Socrates'
behavior. Socrates said, "When you want learning as much as you
wanted air, you won't need me to teach you."The main product of
formal education–of all kinds–is dependency, not
freedom. The very process of institutionalizing learning makes
learners servile, subordinate, groveling, as they learn to
compete for opportunity and favor within the classroom, doing
whatever they are told. The result is citizens who have lost much
of their natural ability to learn, solve real (not just contrived
or "academic") problems, take responsibility, take initiative.
Whether we are willing to admit it or not, such systematic formal
education is corrupting for all but the most ruggedly
individualistic among us–and most of the latter drop out well
before obtaining their "terminal degree."If we argue that formal
education is "necessary" in today's highly competitive, highly
specialized world, we might consider whether we got that idea
from real life experience or from indoctrination we received in
our own education. Clearly, in today's sophisticated world of
computers, readily accessible information about virtually
anything, and affordable high-tech devices, gathering people into
buildings and "instructing" them on the need to do whatever the
assignment of the day is would seem increasingly obsolescent.I
have a slogan on my wall from the early 1970's that reads: "All
education is self-education." That has always been the case, no
matter the period in which we live. Ask Lincoln. Ask Einstein.
Ask Bill Gates. Ask my kids–none of whom has ever set foot in a
school. We have the Great Books in our home, eight computers,
some sophisticated (but inexpensive) musical equipment, and lots
of resources for learning, including an environment that
encourages it. My children have all basically taught
themselves–with encouragement (and modeling) from their parents.
All have turned out to be highly competent in things that matter
because we allowed them to learn what they wanted,
within a framework of clear Christian values and lots of love.
They're bypassing college–no need. They're in various stages of
gaining a sound classical education, coupled with exceptional
practical skills.

Who needs formal
schooling?Sydney J. Harris–a philosophical syndicated
columnist in the 60's, 70's and 80's–once wrote that "schools
exist for those who run them." At some point, that will dawn on
any anyone independent-minded enough to learn to teach himself
whatever he needs to know. Even a student in a classroom who is
truly learning things of value is, in fact, educating himself.
The most a teacher can do is to accelerate the learning
of self-motivated students. He can't actually cause it. He is
therefore not necessary to the learning process.What we all need
to do in education is to wean ourselves of institutionalized
schooling–in which students are largely under the control of
others–and take the advice of a major private university
president who once said, "The prestige of degrees is giving way
to the practical question, What can you do today, and how well
will you be able to learn what you need to do tomorrow?"We need
to return to a truly free market system in America that allows
all persons equal access to all opportunities and that outlaws
discrimination against any job applicant on the basis of
unevenly-useful "formal schooling." Such discrimination is
no more justifiable than discrimination on the basis of color,
creed, or gender. All that should matter in the marketplace is
our actual–not imaginary–qualifications.Until we reinstate such
true freedom and opportunity in education and the workplace, we
cannot sensibly claim that the American Dream exists at
all.

LoopholesCuriously, the
fact that many of us are able to find ways around the monolithic,
government-manipulated world of work in America–succeeding in
carving out our own unique niche against seemingly insurmountable
odds in business, education, or public service–does not of
itself provide evidence that the American Dream still exists. The
American Dream is not the ability to succeed against a
wall of considerable oppression, or the ability to turn that
oppression to our advantage in the highly competitive world. It
is principles and legal mechanisms designed to facilitate our
reasonable efforts to succeedby removing unfair impediments–in
the interest of strengthening, not weakening, our nation. To the
extent that we have to do highly unusual, or highly heroic, or
highly creative things just to succeed, that is evidence that the
Dream is virtually nonexistent. Were the Dream truly to exist,
we–and everyone else–would have just the reverse experience: we
would recognize all around us non-governmental,
non-institutional, non-socialistic openly available opportunities
to succeed–free for the taking, so long as we are willing to
work hard in pursuing them and to be law-abiding and moral.In the
end, the American Dream is really nothing more than the premise
that all that should be required for a person to succeed
is willingness to work, in accordance with his own interests
and in harmony with the will of God. To the extent that we
are forced to conform with anybody else's preferences, demands,
constraints, or values, including government's or institutions',
in order to have opportunity, the Dream is dead.Can we truthfully
say that all of us are genuinely free to pursue our own
individual quest for the American Dream of self-sufficiency,
liberty, and happiness on our terms–not someone
else's?

References

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-american-dream.htm

http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/stone/021121

Author: (Latin American
Philosopher)

*Doctor en
Filosofía,Distinción en Filosofía
Antigüa egresado de Belford University,Humble,Texas,Estados
Unidos en el año
2006.(www.belforduniversity.net/verification/).Graduate:
ID:RV414771-PASSWORD:44198958). *Miembro Asociado de la Sociedad
Venezolana de Filosofía, Caracas,Distrito
Capital(2006-Actualidad) (cyoris@ucab.edu.ve).(Google:Sociedad
Venezolana de Filosofía). *Ex – Profesor Titular de
la Cátedra:"Historía de la Filosofía" en el
Diplomado en Filosofía dictado por el Departamento de
Capacitación Docente de la Universidad Fermín
Toro,Cabudare Barquisimeto,Estado Lara(2007-08).
*Investigador,escritor y asesor de temas
filosóficos(2006-Actualidad). *Creador del Grupo de
Filósofos en Facebook(2008) (www.facebook.com). *Miembro y
amigo a través de Facebook(www.facebook.com) de los grupos
de: Filósofos y Filósofas de Facebook;Colegio
"Hermano Nectario María",Valencia,Estado
Carabobo,Venezuela y Humanidades y Educación de la
Universidad Central de Venezuela.

*Grupo de Filósofos y
Filósofas

*Filosofía y Más

*Filosofía Chile

*Filosofía Costa Rica

*Los Filósofos
Antigüos

Publicaciones,Obras y Trabajos:*"Ensayo de
la interpretación filosófica del hombre universal
actual en la economía globalizada de finales del Siglo
XX".Esta obra está registrada como documento
público,ante el Ministerio de Justicia,Registro Subalterno
del Primer Circuito,Municipio Iribarren,Nº 20,Protocolo
3,del 24 de Octubre de 1997.Dirección:Calle 20,entre
Carreras 15 y 16,Torre David,Piso 12,Barquisimeto,Estado
Lara,Venezuela.Esta Obra también concursó ante el V
Premio de Investigación Filosófica Federico
Riu,auspiciado por la Embajada de España,la
Fundación Federico Riu y la Universidad Central de
Venezuela,Año 1998. :*Economía y
Filosofía:dos disciplinas sociales que se ocupan de los
problemas hombre y sus posibles soluciones.Artículo
alojado en Contribuciones a la Economía(www.eumed.net).
*Filosofía Antigüa,Material Compilado Universidad
Fermín Toro,Cabudare,Estado Lara(2006-2007).
*¿Qué es la Filosofía del Siglo XXI? alojado
en Contribuciones a la Economía Agosto,2007.Texto completo
en http://www.edumed.netce/207b/orgc-0708.htm y en
www.pensardenuevo.com. *¿Qué es Lógica
Filosófica? alojado en Contribuciones a la
Economía,Septiembre 2007.Texto completo en
http://www.edumed.net/ce/207c/orgc-0710b.htm.¿Por
qué es necesario conocer de filosofía en nuestros
días? alojado en la Red Pensar de Nuevo,Buenos
Aires,Argentina(www.pensardenuevo.org).

*La Filosofía de la Economía
alojado en:
www.economicasunp.edu.ar/…/Gomez_Castañeda_Omar_Ricardo-La_filosofia_de_la_economia.pdf-Similares

*La meditación trascendental:Un
instrumento ó técnica para comprender los
principios de la Filosofía Antigüa Hindú en
nuestros días, alojado en el muro del Grupo de
Filósofos creado por el Post-Doctor Omar Gómez
C,Senior,Ph.D en Facebook(www.facebook.com),14 de Julio del
2008.Alojado también en Zona
Económica(www.zonaeconómica.com), el 5 de Abril del
2009,a las 22:50. *La razón y la fé,alojado en los
muros de:Grupo de Filósofos, Filósofos y
Filósofas de Facebook,Colegio Hermano Nectario
María,Valencia,Estado Carabobo,Venezuela y Humanidades y
Educación de la Universidad Central de Venezuela en
Facebook(www.facebook.com),14 de Agosto del 2008.Alojado
también en la Organización Pensar de
Nuevo(www.pensardenuevo.org).

*La Filosofía China,alojado el 23 de
Abril del 2009 en
www.zonaeconomica.com/omar-gomez-castañeda/filosofia-china,Buenos
Aires,Argentina.

*Filosofía japonesa,alojado en
pensardenuevo.org/filosofia-japonesa/-

*La Filosofía y
Características de la Sociedad Venezolana actual y
sus

Perspectivas a principios de éste
siglo XXI,alojado el 14/7/2010 en

pensardenuevo.org/la-filosofia-y-caracteristicas-de-la-sociedad-

venezolana-actual-y-sus-perspectivas-a-principios-de-este-siglo..-

En caché-Similares.

*Ensayo sobre los Evangelios
Gnósticos en www.monografias.com.(2011)

*Influencia del pensamiento
aristotélico en la actualidad en
www.monografias.com(2011).*El Cosmos(Nuestro Universo),alojado en
www.monografias.com(2011).*La ética y la moral,de
elaboración propia.Trabajo donado a la Biblioteca del
IUTIRLA,Sede Barquisimeto,Carrera 24,entre Calles 24 y
25,Barquisimeto,Estado Lara,Venezuela,Año
2011.*¿Qué es lo eterno y qué es Dios? en
/trabajos85/que-es-lo-eterno-y-que-es-dios/que-es-lo-eterno-y-que-es-dios
y donado a la Biblioteca del IUTIRLA,Sede Barquisimeto,Estado
Lara,Venezuela,Año 2011.*La energía
geotérmica en:
/trabajos86/energia-geotermica/energia-geotermica.

Autor:

Omar Gómez
Castañeda